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在推导住宅建筑供热热平衡方程式中,发现平均有效传热系数和体形系数是影响建筑耗能的两个因素。在围护结构热阻值一定的情况下,影响建筑物耗能的主要因素是体形系数。为了节能,在方案设计时应使体形系数尽量小。在对不同规格建筑模型的模拟计算中发现,在建筑物周边尺寸确定后,体形系数随着层数的增加而减小,但超过10层后,它的减率趋于平缓,超过15层后,减率更趋于平缓。因此,从节能观点出发,建议住宅建筑的层数应控制在10～15层为宜。
In the derivation of heat balance equations for residential buildings, it was found that the average effective heat transfer coefficient and shape coefficient are two factors that affect building energy consumption. In the case of a certain thermal resistance value of the envelope structure, the main factor affecting the energy consumption of the building is the body shape factor. In order to save energy, the shape factor should be as small as possible when designing the plan. In the simulation calculations for different specifications of building models, it was found that after the size of the perimeter of the building is determined, the shape factor decreases with the increase of the number of layers, but after more than 10 floors, its reduction rate tends to be flat, after more than 15 floors. The rate of reduction tends to be even. Therefore, from the viewpoint of energy conservation, it is recommended that the number of residential buildings should be controlled at 10 to 15 floors.