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目的分析新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州)麻疹暴发流行特征,为政府制定相应的控制对策提供依据。方法对2015年博州麻疹的流行情况、暴发疫情及个案调查资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2015年博州共报告麻疹病例361例,死亡3例,年发病率77.47/10万,报告病例数较2014年(4例)增加了90倍;发病患者年龄最小4个月、最大56岁,8月龄以下组发病28例、占7.75%,发病率最高(838.26/10万),5岁~组发病26例、占7.24%,发病率最低(32.30/10万),各年龄组麻疹发病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=303.17,P<0.05);男性发病率74.05/10万,女性发病率80.45/10万,男女发病率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.62,P>0.05);农民发病最多92例、占25.48%,其次为散居儿童66例、占18.28%,离退休人员和托幼儿童最低为各1例、均占0.28%。结论为控制麻疹暴发流行,今后应提高麻疹类疫苗的及时接种率;加强早期的疫情监测,提高麻疹疫苗接种率和免疫成功率;麻疹局部暴发流行时,需采取针对性的有效措施,以达到控制和消除麻疹的目标。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak in Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang (referred to as Bozhou) for the government to provide the basis for the corresponding control measures. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles epidemics, outbreaks and case-finding data of Bozhou in 2015 was conducted. Results A total of 361 cases of measles were reported in Bozhou in 2015, with an annual incidence of 77.47 / 100 000. The number of cases reported increased 90-fold compared with 4 cases in 2014. The patients who were affected were at least 4 months old and the maximum was 56 years old (838.26 / 100000), the incidence of the disease in the group of 5 years old was 26, accounting for 7.24%, the lowest incidence was 32.30 / 100000, and the incidence of measles The morbidity rate was 74.05 / 100000 in males and 80.45 / females in males. The incidence of males and females was no significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 0.62, P <0.05) P> 0.05). The incidence of peasants was 92 cases (25.48%), followed by 66 cases of diaspora (18.28%), and the lowest among retirees and childcare children was 1 case (0.28%). Conclusions In order to control the outbreak of measles, the timely vaccination rate of measles vaccine should be increased in the future. Early detection of the epidemic should be strengthened to improve the measles vaccination rate and immunization success rate. When measles outbreak is endemic, targeted and effective measures should be taken to achieve Control and eliminate measles.