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呼吸机相关事件是美国疾病预防与控制中心提出的新概念，相比较于呼吸机相关性肺炎，诊断具有客观性。在2013年，美国国家医疗安全网使用呼吸机相关事件监测取代了成年人住院患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的监测。本文主要介绍呼吸机相关事件的概念、呼吸机相关事件与呼吸机相关性肺炎的关系评价、国内外的监测情况及影响因素研究现状，为今后深入研究奠定基础。“,”Ventilator related events is a new concept proposed by the America Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States. Compared with ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator related events has objectivity in diagnosis. In 2013, the National Health Safety Network replaced ventilator-associated pneumonia monitoring in adult inpatients with ventilator-associated event monitoring. This review mainly introduces the concept of ventilator-related events, the evaluation of the relationship between ventilator-related events and respiratory pneumonia, the monitoring situation at home and abroad, and the related factors of ventilator-related events, so as to lay a foundation for the further study in the future.