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一、教材结构和教学方法浅析本节教材知识可归纳为三部分,即水资源的概念、分布、利用状况。教师在教学过程中应运用好比较、分析、综合等逻辑思维方法,帮助学生形成概念,掌握知识;用归纳与逻辑等推理方式,来引导和组织学生的思维过程,培养他们的逻辑思维能力;借助知识图表的框架,能更有效地强化学生掌握知识的效度;用水循环规律与水量平衡原理统帅全节知识;用各大洲、各大国(水资源前6个国家)的自然、经济、人口、面积等要素量的静态和动态来揭示各要素间的相关制约性,从而推理说明各洲、各国水资源在数量上的绝对性与相对性,在时空分布规律上的不均衡性,在质量上的严峻性,在对策上的紧迫性。教师在揭示水资源规律时可从一般到个别或从个别到一般,举一反三,触类旁通,可起到事半功倍的效果。如学生掌握了水资源与降水量的关系与分布规律,就可推知世界各洲、各国水资源丰歉程度与其分布规律,明白了水资源紧张的自然和人文原因,根据各地的具体实际,就能推断世界各地水资源紧张的原因,并对症下药,寻找合理利用水资源的对策。
First, the teaching material structure and teaching method analysis This section of teaching material knowledge can be summarized into three parts, namely, the concept, distribution, and utilization of water resources. In the teaching process, teachers should make use of logical thinking methods such as comparison, analysis and synthesis to help students form concepts and master knowledge. They use inductive and logical reasoning methods to guide and organize students’ thinking process and cultivate their logical thinking ability. With the help of the framework of knowledge charts, students can more effectively strengthen the validity of their knowledge; the principle of water circulation law and water balance instructs the whole section of knowledge; the nature, economy and population of all continents and major countries (the top six countries of water resources) The static and dynamic factors of the factors such as the area and the area reveal the relevant constraints among the various factors, so as to reason and explain the absolute and relative quantity of water resources in each continent and each country, the unevenness in the distribution of time and space, and the quality of The severity of the urgency on the measures. Teachers can reveal the laws of water resources from general to individual or from individual to general. They can use analogy by analogy, and can have a multiplier effect. If students master the relationship and distribution of water resources and precipitation, they can infer the degree of abundance and distribution of water resources in various continents and countries around the world, and understand the natural and human reasons for the shortage of water resources. It is possible to infer the causes of the shortage of water resources in various parts of the world, apply medicines to the disease, and look for measures for the rational use of water resources.