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示意图是地理教材和试题中最常见的图形之一,它用简明形象的或直观的图形来说明理事物的成因、原理、发展演变规律。对地理示意图的强化复习,有助于提升和培养学生获取新知识的能力、收集处理信息的能力和分析解决问题的能力。地理示意图一般包括以下几种类型:一、地理原理示意图地理原理示意图是指反映地理事物的成因、原理和规律的图形。常见的如地球公转示意图、太阳光照示意图、大气环流示意图、气旋与反气旋形成示意图、季风成因示意图、台风示意图、地震构造示意图、背斜向斜示意图、六大板块示意图、城市中工业布局示意图等,还有根据教材中的示意图及相关文字内容派生出来的各种变式图。判读方法:读图审题,了解题意;回忆联想,寻找已知;分析原理,正确判断。[例题1](2003年江苏卷)读图1,回答1～2题。
Schematic diagram is one of the most common graphics in geography textbooks and test items, which uses concise images or intuitive graphics to illustrate the causes of formation, principles, and evolution rules. Intensive review of geographic schematics helps improve and develop students’ ability to acquire new knowledge, collect the ability to process information and analyze problem-solving skills. Geographical schematic diagram generally includes the following types: First, the geographical principle diagram Geographical principle diagram is to reflect the causes of geo-matters, principles and laws of graphics. Common such as Earth revolution diagram, solar light diagram, atmospheric circulation diagram, cyclone and anti-cyclone diagram, monsoon genesis diagram, typhoon diagram, seismic structure diagram, anticline diagonal schematic diagram of six plates, industrial layout in the city diagram , And according to the textbook in the schematic and related text derived from the various variants. Interpretation method: read the picture subjects, to understand the problem; memory association, looking for known; analysis of principles, correct judgment. [Example 1] (2003 Jiangsu volume) read Figure 1, answer 1 to 2 questions.