目的　了解上海地区母乳中三大营养素含量。方法　收集上海市三区一县 1 2 0名产妇的乳汁 ,测定蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物的含量 ,并对产妇作膳食调查。结果　上海地区母乳中蛋白质含量高于参考值 ,市区较郊区更高 ;脂肪含量普遍低于参考值 ,郊区更低 ,市郊差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5) ;碳水化合物含量接近参考值 ,市区与郊区相比差异无显著性意义。结论　上海地区母乳中脂肪含量普遍偏低 ,脂肪与新生儿脑及视觉发育关系密切 ,建议产妇适当增加脂肪的摄入 Objective To understand the three major nutrients in breast milk in Shanghai. Methods A total of 120 maternal milk samples collected from three districts and one county in Shanghai were collected for the determination of protein, fat and carbohydrate contents. Maternal diet was also investigated. Results The protein content of breast milk in Shanghai was higher than the reference value, the urban area was higher than the suburbs, the fat content was generally lower than the reference value, the suburban area was lower, and there were significant differences in the suburbs (P <0.05). The carbohydrate content Close to the reference value, no significant difference between urban and suburban areas. Conclusion The fat content of breast milk in Shanghai is generally low, fat and neonatal brain and visual development are closely related to the proposed maternal appropriate increase fat intake