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在审判活动中,追求案件客观事实一直是各国司法制度和审判实践的共同追求。但由于案件事实的时过境迁、事实探知成本制约、司法有限理性等因素,司法过程对于案件事实认定必然存在“事实真伪不明”的灰色状态。当遇见证据无法还原案件事实真相时,由于历史无法倒流回复,裁判者也无法实现时空穿越,面对事实真伪不明的案件,法官如何裁判则成为了司法实务中必须探讨与正视的话题。对于事实真伪不明案件的司法裁判问题,虽然理论界与实务派对此早已开展研究,但从司法实践效果来看,关于事实认定的司法裁判规则仍然存在困惑,仍有必要对此进行再探讨。本文通过从改良事实认定模式入手、谨慎适用证明责任、认真对待经验法则、考量社会价值取向等方面入手,构建良性互动的事实真伪不明案件的事实认定裁判规则,让司法裁判最大限度地获取社会公众认同。
In the trial activities, the pursuit of the objective facts of the case has always been the common pursuit of the judicial system and trial practice in all countries. However, due to the historical changes of the facts of the case, the cost of finding the facts, the limited rationality of the judiciary and other factors, the judicatory process must exist for the factual facts of the case to have a gray state of “untrue truth”. When the evidence can not be restored, the judge can not realize the time-space crossing. In the face of the fact that the facts are not clear, how judges judge the judiciary has become a topic that must be discussed and addressed in judicial practice. Judicial refereeing on the unidentified case of truth is long gone. Although the theory circle and the substantive party have carried out research for a long time, judging from the effect of judicial practice, there are still some puzzles in the rules of judicial adjudication concerning the factual determination. It is still necessary to reexamine this. This article starts with the mode of confirming facts, carefully applies the burden of proof, takes the rules of experience seriously, considers the social values and so on, and constructs the rules of fact-finding adjudication of the benign and interactive truth-unidentified cases so that the judicial judgments can get the maximum social Public recognition.