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一、背景 在中国,扶贫的方式很多,成功的经验也不少。但从我国以往的扶贫实践来看,使千千万万贫困农户直接和持续地获得稳定的生产经营性贷款,并能保证贷款的回收和循环使用,同时,使为贫困农户服务的信贷机构能自我生存和发展下去,仍是扶贫工作中尚未解决的问题。 (一)贫困农户获贷难 就全国平均而言,每年只有35％的农户能够得到贷款,获贷的贫困农户则更少,其额度也大大低于相对富裕户。据中国农行1990年在12个省市对1万多农户的抽样调查结果显示:人均年收入达到200元、200—800元、800—1000元以及1000元以上的各收入组年获贷款额分别为204元、175元、218元及458元。在扶贫工作中普遍存在着所谓“扶富不扶贫”或“贫富一起扶”的问题。
I. Background In China, there are many ways of alleviating poverty and many successful successes. However, from the past practice of poverty alleviation in our country, millions of impoverished rural households have a direct and sustained access to stable production and operation loans and can guarantee the recovery and recycling of loans. At the same time, credit institutions that serve poor households can Self-survival and development continue to remain unresolved issues in poverty alleviation work. (I) Obtaining credit for poor peasants As far as the national average is concerned, only 35% of peasants can get loans each year, and the number of poor peasants who get loans is even smaller, and their quotas are much lower than those of affluent relatives. According to the sample survey conducted by China’s Agricultural Bank of China on more than 10,000 rural households in 12 provinces and municipalities in 1990, the annual loan amount of each income group with per capita annual income of 200 yuan, 200-800 yuan, 800-1000 yuan and over 1,000 yuan respectively For 204 yuan, 175 yuan, 218 yuan and 458 yuan. In the poverty alleviation work, there is a widespread problem of “helping the poor not help the poor” or “helping the poor together.”