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摘要[目的] 寻找鸡球虫保护性抗原基因,为研究基因功能和研制抗鸡球虫疫苗奠定基础。[方法] 将纯化的堆型艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊于兔皮内多点注射,制备堆型艾美耳球虫抗血清,用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测其效价,进行免疫学筛选。利用PCR对获得的阳性克隆进行初步鉴定。[结果] 间接酶联免疫吸附试验结果表明堆型艾美耳球虫抗血清检测结果呈阳性,初步筛选到的疑似阳性斑经3次复筛后获得6个阳性克隆,1~3号克隆约为1 000 bp,4~6号克隆约为1 500 bp。[结论]对堆型艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊cDNA文库获得的阳性克隆成功进行了免疫学筛选。
关键词鸡;球虫;堆型艾美耳球虫;cDNA文库;免疫学筛选
中图分类号S821文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04363-02
Immunological Screening of cDNA Expression Libraries in Sporulated Oocysts of Eimeria acervulina
YAN Xiaofei et al(Science and Technology School of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830052)
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to find out the protective antigen gene of chicken coccidian and lay the foundation for studying the gene function and producing vaccine against chicken coccidiosis. [Method] The purified sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina was injected in many points of rabbit skins to prepare the antiserum of E. acervulina. And its titer was detected by ELISA to make immunological screening. And the obtained positive clone was identified by PCR. [Result] The results of ELISA showed that the antiserum detection results of E. acervulina was positive. After preliminary screening, suspected positive plaques were obtained, then 6 positive clones were obtained after three times of second screening. The size of 1-3 clone were about 1 000 bp and that of 4-6 clone were about 1 500 bp. [Conclusion] The immunological screening of the positive clones obtained from cDNA library of sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina was made.
Key wordsChicken; Coccidia; Eimeria acervulina; cDNA library; Immunological screening
鸡球虫病是由艾美耳球虫寄生于鸡肠道所引起的一种危害极其严重的全球性寄生虫病,每年给养鸡业造成巨大的经济损失。鉴于鸡球虫病的严重危害,如何对其有效预防成为广大生产者及科研工作者广为关注的问题。目前防治鸡球虫病主要有2种方法:药物预防和疫苗预防。由于药物防治球虫病存在严重的抗药性、且药物的研制周期长、费用高以及药物残留造成的环境污染等问题的存在,对鸡球虫病的防治越来越趋向于疫苗防治。活卵囊疫苗虽然已经在国外上市,但由于免疫效果和安全性问题,并未得到广泛推广使用,因此必须采取新的措施防制鸡球虫病[1]。目前,应用现代生物技术构建的基因工程疫苗已被证实可以诱导宿主产生长期的体液免疫和细胞免疫,抵抗包括球虫病在内的多种疾病,因此成为疫苗发展的新方向[2]。
目前已克隆出一些鸡球虫保护性抗原基因,主要是通过构建表达性DNA文库或cDNA文库,再用各种抗体或探针筛选保护性抗原基因。从cDNA表达文库中筛选目的基因的方法较多,其中以抗血清为探针筛选目的克隆是获取未知基因灵敏可靠的方法。构建于表达载体中的cDNA文库可利用特异性抗体进行筛选,即将含文库的各培养皿上的菌斑转印到硝酸纤维素膜上,各种cDNA表达的蛋白质便牢固地结合在膜上,然后将膜放入特异性抗体的溶液中进行免疫结合反应,洗掉未结合的抗体后,再与HRP标记的第2抗体结合,通过相应底物显色,进而找出对应于原文库培养皿中的菌落,筛选出目的cDNA克隆[3-5]。笔者对建立的鸡堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)孢子化卵囊cDNA文库进行免疫学筛选,以寻找保护性抗原基因,为研究基因功能和研制抗球虫疫苗奠定基础。
1材料与方法
1.1材料
1.1.1实验动物。新西兰大白兔,健康,雄性,体重约2 kg,购自上海松联实验动物场。
1.1.2主要试剂。E.acervulina cDNA文庫由上海兽医研究所农业部动物寄生虫学重点实验室提供。该文库构建于λTriplEx2噬菌体XL1blue大肠杆菌系统中,基础库容量为4.7×106 pfu/ml,扩增后文库的滴度为4.4×1010 pfu/ml;XL1blue、BM25.8大肠杆菌、引物:5′端引物:5′TCCGAGATCTGGACGAGC3′;3′端引物:5′TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG3′,由SMARTTM cDNA Library Construction Kit附带,购自Clontech公司。 [2] GURUNATHAN S,WU C,FREIDAG B L,et al.DNA vaccines:a key for inducing longterm cellular immunity [J].Curr Opin Immunol,2000,12:442-447.
[3] 薩姆布鲁克J,拉塞尔DW.分子克隆实验指南(下册)[M].黄培堂,王嘉玺,朱厚础,等,译.3版.北京:科学出版社,2002:1172-1173.
[4] 孙树汉,王俊霞,陈蕊雯,等.囊虫病的诊断用抗原编码cDNA的分子克隆[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1997,15(1):15-20.
[5] 张莉,史宇晖,刘殿武,等.猪囊尾蚴cDNA文库的构建[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2000,13(3):190-192.
[6] HEMPHILL A,FELLEISEN R,CONNOLLY B,et al.Characterization of a cDNAclone encoding Ncp43,a major Neospora caninum tachyzoite surface protein[J].Parasitology,1997,115(6):581-590.
[7] KVAAL C A,RADKE J R,GUERINI M N,et al.Isolation of a Toxoplasma gondii cyclin by yeast twohybrid interactive screen[J].Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology,2002,120(2):187-194.
[8] 陈淑贞,吴海玮,张兆松,等.PCR快速分析cDNA外源DNA片段[J].南京师范大学学报,1997(20):217.
[9] CHRISTENSEN N O,NANSEN P,FAGBEMI B D,et al.Heterologous antagonistic and synergistic interactions between helminthes and protozoans in concurrent experimental infection of mammalian host[J].Parasitology Research,1987,73(5):387-410.
[10] CHRISTENSEN N O,NANSEN P,FRANDSEN F,et al.Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica:crossresistance in mice with singlesex schistosome infection[J].Experimental Parasitology,1980,49(1):116-121.
[11] JENKINS M C,LILLEHOJ H S,DAME J B.Eimeria acervulina:DNA cloning and characterization of recombinant sporozoite and merozoite antigens[J].Experimental Parasitology,1988,66:96-107.
关键词鸡;球虫;堆型艾美耳球虫;cDNA文库;免疫学筛选
中图分类号S821文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04363-02
Immunological Screening of cDNA Expression Libraries in Sporulated Oocysts of Eimeria acervulina
YAN Xiaofei et al(Science and Technology School of Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang, Urumqi 830052)
Abstract[Objective] The research aimed to find out the protective antigen gene of chicken coccidian and lay the foundation for studying the gene function and producing vaccine against chicken coccidiosis. [Method] The purified sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina was injected in many points of rabbit skins to prepare the antiserum of E. acervulina. And its titer was detected by ELISA to make immunological screening. And the obtained positive clone was identified by PCR. [Result] The results of ELISA showed that the antiserum detection results of E. acervulina was positive. After preliminary screening, suspected positive plaques were obtained, then 6 positive clones were obtained after three times of second screening. The size of 1-3 clone were about 1 000 bp and that of 4-6 clone were about 1 500 bp. [Conclusion] The immunological screening of the positive clones obtained from cDNA library of sporulated oocysts of E. acervulina was made.
Key wordsChicken; Coccidia; Eimeria acervulina; cDNA library; Immunological screening
鸡球虫病是由艾美耳球虫寄生于鸡肠道所引起的一种危害极其严重的全球性寄生虫病,每年给养鸡业造成巨大的经济损失。鉴于鸡球虫病的严重危害,如何对其有效预防成为广大生产者及科研工作者广为关注的问题。目前防治鸡球虫病主要有2种方法:药物预防和疫苗预防。由于药物防治球虫病存在严重的抗药性、且药物的研制周期长、费用高以及药物残留造成的环境污染等问题的存在,对鸡球虫病的防治越来越趋向于疫苗防治。活卵囊疫苗虽然已经在国外上市,但由于免疫效果和安全性问题,并未得到广泛推广使用,因此必须采取新的措施防制鸡球虫病[1]。目前,应用现代生物技术构建的基因工程疫苗已被证实可以诱导宿主产生长期的体液免疫和细胞免疫,抵抗包括球虫病在内的多种疾病,因此成为疫苗发展的新方向[2]。
目前已克隆出一些鸡球虫保护性抗原基因,主要是通过构建表达性DNA文库或cDNA文库,再用各种抗体或探针筛选保护性抗原基因。从cDNA表达文库中筛选目的基因的方法较多,其中以抗血清为探针筛选目的克隆是获取未知基因灵敏可靠的方法。构建于表达载体中的cDNA文库可利用特异性抗体进行筛选,即将含文库的各培养皿上的菌斑转印到硝酸纤维素膜上,各种cDNA表达的蛋白质便牢固地结合在膜上,然后将膜放入特异性抗体的溶液中进行免疫结合反应,洗掉未结合的抗体后,再与HRP标记的第2抗体结合,通过相应底物显色,进而找出对应于原文库培养皿中的菌落,筛选出目的cDNA克隆[3-5]。笔者对建立的鸡堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)孢子化卵囊cDNA文库进行免疫学筛选,以寻找保护性抗原基因,为研究基因功能和研制抗球虫疫苗奠定基础。
1材料与方法
1.1材料
1.1.1实验动物。新西兰大白兔,健康,雄性,体重约2 kg,购自上海松联实验动物场。
1.1.2主要试剂。E.acervulina cDNA文庫由上海兽医研究所农业部动物寄生虫学重点实验室提供。该文库构建于λTriplEx2噬菌体XL1blue大肠杆菌系统中,基础库容量为4.7×106 pfu/ml,扩增后文库的滴度为4.4×1010 pfu/ml;XL1blue、BM25.8大肠杆菌、引物:5′端引物:5′TCCGAGATCTGGACGAGC3′;3′端引物:5′TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG3′,由SMARTTM cDNA Library Construction Kit附带,购自Clontech公司。 [2] GURUNATHAN S,WU C,FREIDAG B L,et al.DNA vaccines:a key for inducing longterm cellular immunity [J].Curr Opin Immunol,2000,12:442-447.
[3] 薩姆布鲁克J,拉塞尔DW.分子克隆实验指南(下册)[M].黄培堂,王嘉玺,朱厚础,等,译.3版.北京:科学出版社,2002:1172-1173.
[4] 孙树汉,王俊霞,陈蕊雯,等.囊虫病的诊断用抗原编码cDNA的分子克隆[J].中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志,1997,15(1):15-20.
[5] 张莉,史宇晖,刘殿武,等.猪囊尾蚴cDNA文库的构建[J].中国寄生虫病防治杂志,2000,13(3):190-192.
[6] HEMPHILL A,FELLEISEN R,CONNOLLY B,et al.Characterization of a cDNAclone encoding Ncp43,a major Neospora caninum tachyzoite surface protein[J].Parasitology,1997,115(6):581-590.
[7] KVAAL C A,RADKE J R,GUERINI M N,et al.Isolation of a Toxoplasma gondii cyclin by yeast twohybrid interactive screen[J].Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology,2002,120(2):187-194.
[8] 陈淑贞,吴海玮,张兆松,等.PCR快速分析cDNA外源DNA片段[J].南京师范大学学报,1997(20):217.
[9] CHRISTENSEN N O,NANSEN P,FAGBEMI B D,et al.Heterologous antagonistic and synergistic interactions between helminthes and protozoans in concurrent experimental infection of mammalian host[J].Parasitology Research,1987,73(5):387-410.
[10] CHRISTENSEN N O,NANSEN P,FRANDSEN F,et al.Schistosoma mansoni and Fasciola hepatica:crossresistance in mice with singlesex schistosome infection[J].Experimental Parasitology,1980,49(1):116-121.
[11] JENKINS M C,LILLEHOJ H S,DAME J B.Eimeria acervulina:DNA cloning and characterization of recombinant sporozoite and merozoite antigens[J].Experimental Parasitology,1988,66:96-107.