古希腊哲学的中心问题是世界万物的本原、始基问题。前亚里士多德各派哲学家在探讨这个问题的过程中,已经提出了大量的抽象范峙,它们基本上可以分为两类,一类是由唯物主义哲学家所提出的,诸如“水”、“气”、“无限者”、“火”、“逻各斯”、“流动”(运动)等范畴,另一类是由唯心主义哲学家提出的,诸如“存在”、“太一”、“静止”“数”、“理念”等范畴。这些范畴的大量抽象,标志着人类抽象思维能力已发展到一定的高度,同时也为亚里士多德在哲学史、逻辑史上第一次对范畴本身进行“反思”提供了历史前 The central problem of ancient Greek philosophy is the origin and foundation of all things in the world. In their discussions on this issue, the ex-Aristotelian philosophers have proposed a large number of abstract models, which can basically be divided into two categories, one is proposed by materialistic philosophers such as “ Water ”,“ gas ”,“ infinity ”,“ fire ”,“ logos ”,“ flow ”(movement) and so on. The other category is made by idealist philosophers such as“ Being ”,“ ”,“ Still ”“ number ”,“ philosophy ”and other fields. The massive abstraction of these categories indicates that the abstraction ability of human beings has developed to a certain height. At the same time, it also provides Aristotle with a history of “reflection” for the first time in the history of philosophy and logic