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目的了解深圳市罗湖区珠宝首饰行业工作场所挥发性有机组分构成、主要危害因素和新型有机溶剂的使用情况,明确现场调查目标。方法抽取辖区内15家珠宝首饰企业常用有机溶剂21份,并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行挥发性组分的定性和含量分析。结果共检出32种挥发性组分,主要为烷烃类、醚类、含氯类、酯类、醇类、酮类和苯系物7类;检出率前3位的挥发性组分为二甲氧基甲烷(52.4%)、二氯甲烷(42.9%)和丙酮(28.6%),新型有机溶剂二甲氧基甲烷已广泛应用于珠宝首饰行业。结论镶石清洗工位存在职业病危害因素,主要有毒物质为二氯甲烷和丙酮,提示今后对该工位监测时应增加上述物质。
Objective To understand the composition of volatile organic components in the workplace of jewelry industry in Luohu District, Shenzhen, the main hazardous factors and the use of new organic solvents in the workplace, and make clear the objectives of on-site investigation. Methods A total of 21 common organic solvents were extracted from 15 jewelery enterprises in the area. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile components were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results A total of 32 kinds of volatile components were detected, including 7 categories of alkanes, ethers, chlorinated, esters, alcohols, ketones and benzenes. The volatile components in the first 3 places were Dimethoxy methane (52.4%), methylene chloride (42.9%) and acetone (28.6%), a new organic solvent dimethoxymethane has been widely used in the jewelry industry. Conclusion There are occupational hazards in the setting stone cleaning station. The main toxic substances are methylene chloride and acetone, suggesting that these substances should be added in the monitoring of the station in the future.