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目的:探讨臭椿酮对结直肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:根据检测结果实施分组，采用低(0.2 μmol/L)、中(0.4 μmol/L)、高剂量(0.6 μmol/L)的臭椿酮干预结直肠癌SW1116细胞24 h，细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞活力，集落形成实验检测克隆形成数，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡，实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(RT-qPCR)检测ENST00000441270和微小RNA-149(miR-149)的表达水平。转染ENST00000441270小干扰RNA(si-ENST00000441270)至SW1116细胞，采用上述方法检测干扰ENST00000441270表达对SW1116细胞活力、克隆形成以及凋亡的影响。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证ENST00000441270与miR-149之间靶向关系。两组间比较采用n t检验，多组间比较采用单因素方差分析和LSD-n t检验。n 结果:臭椿酮低剂量组SW1116细胞的活力[(0.84±0.05)比(0.84±0.05)，n t＝0.529，n P>0.05]、克隆形成数[(110.00±3.56)个比(111.33±3.86)个，n t＝0.499，n P>0.05]、凋亡率[(7.56±0.80)%比(7.35±0.63)%，n t＝0.307，n P>0.05]、ENST00000441270[(0.98±0.06)比(0.99±0.06)，n t＝0.238，n P>0.05]和miR-149[(1.01±0.07)比(0.99±0.07)，n t＝0.303，n P>0.05]表达与对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义。臭椿酮中、高剂量组SW1116细胞的活力(0.63±0.04、0.40±0.03比0.84±0.05，n t＝7.667、12.667，n P0.05], apoptosis rate [(7.56±0.80)% vs. (7.35±0.63)%,n t=0.307, n P>0.05], ENST00000441270 [(0.98±0.06) vs. (0.99±0.06),n t=0.238, n P>0.05] and miR-149 [(1.01±0.07) vs. (0.99±0.07),n t=0.303, n P>0.05] expression in low-dose Ailanthone group showed no statistically significant difference from those in the control group. The viability of SW1116 cells (0.63±0.04, 0.40±0.03 vs. 0.84±0.05,n t=7.667, 12.667, n P<0.05), the number of colonies [(85.67±2.87), (58.33±2.62) vs. (111.33±3.86),n t=9.487, 24.666, n P<0.05] and ENST00000441270 expression [(0.69±0.05), (0.41±0.03) vs. (0.99±0.06),n t=7.138, 13.799, n P< 0.05] in Ailanthone medium and high dose groups were lower, the apoptosis rate [(12.61±0.91)%, (21.66±0.97)% vs. (7.35±0.63)%,n t=7.715, 12.036, n P<0.05] and miR-149 expression (1.48±0.08, 1.92±0.10 vs. 0.99±0.07,n t=7.415, 14.074, n P<0.05) were significantly higher than those in the control group. The cell viability of SW1116 [(0.35±0.02) vs. (0.88±0.05),n t=17.047, n P<0.05] and the number of colonies (49.67±2.87 vs. 112.67±3.40,n t=24.525, n P<0.05) in si-ENST00000441270 group were significantly reduced, and cell apoptosis rate [(22.62±0.82)% vs. (7.58±0.65)%,n t=24.896, n P<0.05] was significantly higher than those in si-NC group. miR-149 was the target gene of ENST00000441270.n Conclusion:A total of 0.4 and 0.6 μmol/L of Ailanthone could inhibit the proliferation of CRC SW1116 cells and induce apoptosis. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the molecular axis of ENST00000441270/miR-149.