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提出一种基于试验、有限元模拟以及优化算法的反向求解过程来得到2A12铝合金粉末材料本构参数的方法。利用热等静压机制备圆柱形试验件并获取测量参数,采用MSC.Marc软件中的Shima模型对2A12铝合金粉末热等静压成形过程进行数值模拟,再利用遗传算法(GA)对数值模拟中2A12铝合金粉末材料本构参数进行优化调整。结果表明,粉末体由于包套的屏蔽效应,各个方向上的收缩率有一定差异,成形零件的几何形状与最初并不相似;利用环形件进行模型验证,优化参数后进行数值模拟结果和实际测量结果的相对误差,与直接利用原始参数进行数值模拟结果和实际测量结果的相对误差相比,有明显降低。
A method of obtaining the constitutive parameters of 2A12 aluminum alloy powder material based on the experiment, finite element simulation and the inverse solution of the optimization algorithm was proposed. The cylindrical test piece was prepared by hot isostatic press and the measurement parameters were obtained. The Shima model in MSC.Marc software was used to simulate the hot isostatic pressing process of 2A12 aluminum alloy powder. Then the genetic algorithm (GA) In 2A12 aluminum alloy powder constitutive parameters of the material to optimize the adjustment. The results show that due to the shielding effect of the sheath, the shrinkage of the powder in all directions is different. The geometry of the formed part is not similar to that of the original one. The ring is used to verify the model and the numerical simulation results and actual measurements The relative error of the results is obviously lower than the relative error between the numerical simulation result and the actual measurement result obtained by directly using the original parameters.