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托马斯·曼是德国批判现实主义文学的主要代表人物,他的文学观主要表现在他的创作之中。其主要表现为:在对尼采悲观主义的哲学反思之中以自己的现实主义小说来揭露和批判资本主义社会的现实,在极度的悲观绝望之中转化出对未来的乐观希望,这体现出人生的辩证法:向死而生;以艺术家和作家的敏锐感受力体悟到了资本主义社会与诗歌和艺术相敌对的性质,得出了与马克思相同的结论;以文学承载人道主义精神和理想,反思资本主义社会意识形态。他对于产生于19—20世纪之交的弗洛伊德的精神分析学说、叔本华的悲观主义和尼采的权力意志理论等资产阶级意识形态和思想潮流,不仅在小说创作之中进行了形象化的分析和表现,而且在一些演讲和论文之中也进行了理性分析和阐释,从而对于资本主义社会的意识形态进行了反思和批判,以彰显人道主义思想。
Thomas Mann is the main representative of German critical realism literature, and his literary view is mainly manifested in his creation. Its main manifestations are as follows: In the philosophical reflection on Nietzsche’s pessimism, he exposed and criticized the reality of capitalist society with his own realistic novels and turned his optimistic hope for the future in the midst of extreme pessimism and despair, which shows that life Dialectics: death to life; with the acute sensibility of artists and writers realized the nature of capitalist society and poetry and art rivalry, reached the same conclusion with Marx; with humanitarianism and ideals of literature to reflect the capital Socialist ideology. His bourgeois ideology and ideological tide which originated from Freud’s psychoanalysis at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Schopenhauer’s pessimism and Nietzsche’s theory of power and will not only made the image of novel creation But also analyzed and explained rationally in some lectures and dissertations so as to reflect and criticize the ideology of capitalist society in order to manifest humanitarianism.