苏联敞车底门的锁闭机构已经使用50多年了,虽然进行过一些改进和加强,但其工作原理、在车辆上的布置及零件的数量实际上始终没有大的改变。该机构(图1)有两个铰连接且没有止动元件(定位销)是该销闭机构的严重缺点。在振动载荷的作用下连完全关闭的扇形片也能自行升起,不能判定锁钩是否处于锁闭状态,也就是说锁钩完全有可能处在打开的位置。因此,在运用中为了防止这种情况的发生,敞车在装运散装、堆装及其他一些货物时须用铁丝将28个锁钩逐个缠绕起来,在一 The lock mechanism of the Soviet open-door bottom door has been in use for more than 50 years. Although some improvements and enhancements have been made, the principle of operation, the layout of the vehicle and the number of parts have in fact not substantially changed. This mechanism (Fig. 1) with two hinged connections and no stop elements (dowels) is a serious drawback of the pinning mechanism. Under the action of the vibration load, the completely closed segment can also ascend by itself without being able to determine whether the locking hook is in a locked state, that is to say the locking hook is completely possible to be in an open position. Therefore, in operation, in order to prevent this from happening, the gondola must carry the 28 lock hooks one by one by wire when loading bulk, stowage and other goods,