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当前,随着世界上老年人的增多,老年医学的研究也得到深入开展。研究老年的体质变化对于了解人体衰老过程和功能改变以及对于临床的疾病诊治都有重要意义。人体的结构和功能随着年龄的增长而出现衰退的变化,称为老化。但老化过程并非发生于一朝一夕之间,而是有着较长时间的演变过程,有的甚至在青年或中年时期即已发生(例如视力的老化),但通常是在进入老年之后而逐渐明显且多方面地表现出来。人体各系统,乃至各个器官,老化的改变并非始于同一时间,进展速度也不一致。此外,不同的个体,身体老化速度亦各异。有人测定80岁老人的某些项目的生理功能,同30岁年青人作比较,结果表明:神经传导速度减低15％;静息时的心脏输出血量减少30％;肺活量减少50％;肾的血流量减少50％;最大运动时的耗氧量减少70％。由此可见,各系统的老化过程发展是不平衡的。老化
At present, with the increase of the elderly in the world, the study of geriatrics has also been carried out in depth. Studying changes in the constitution of the elderly is of great importance for understanding the process and function of aging and for the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. The structure and function of the human body with age decline and decline, known as aging. However, the aging process does not take place overnight, but rather takes a long time to evolve, some even in young or middle-aged people (such as aging of vision), but it usually becomes obvious after entering old age Multifaceted manifestation. The system of the human body, and even the organs, does not start with the change of aging at the same time, and the pace of progress is also inconsistent. In addition, different individuals have different rates of aging. Some people measured 80-year-olds in some of the physiological function of the project, compared with 30-year-old young people, the results showed that: nerve conduction velocity decreased by 15%; resting heart blood output decreased by 30%; reduced lung capacity 50%; kidney Blood flow decreased by 50%; maximum exercise reduced oxygen consumption by 70%. This shows that the development of the aging process is unbalanced. Ageing