目的:探讨小儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行特征及影响因素。方法:对2005年1月～2010年12月铜陵市妇幼保健院儿科收住的部分急性下呼吸道感染患儿进行MP抗体检测,并对6年监测结果进行流行病学研究。结果:各年龄组感染率分别为:～1岁37.3%、1～3岁37.2%、4～7岁21.5%、>7岁18.19%,婴幼儿发病率高于其他各年龄组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2005～2010年儿童MP感染率分别为21.1%、23.5%、34.8%、44.9%、23.4%、25.6%,其中2007年和2008年MP感染率显著增加,与其他年份相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。6年间的春夏季发病率均高于秋冬季,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MP感染与患儿年龄、季节及年度密切相关。 Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influential factors of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children. Methods: From January 2005 to December 2010 Tongling Maternal and Child Health Hospital pediatric patients admitted to some acute lower respiratory tract infection in patients with MP antibodies, and 6-year monitoring results of epidemiological studies. Results: The infection rates in all age groups were: 37.3% of patients aged 1 ~ 37.2%, 1-3 years old, 21.5% of patients aged 4 ~ 7 years and 18.19% of patients aged> 7 years. The incidence of infants was higher than that of other age groups Significance (P <0.05). The prevalences of MP infection in children from 2005 to 2010 were 21.1%, 23.5%, 34.8%, 44.9%, 23.4% and 25.6%, respectively. The prevalence of MP infection in 2007 and 2008 increased significantly, with significant difference compared with other years (P <0.05). The incidence of spring and summer in 6 years was higher than that in autumn and winter, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: MP infection is closely related to children’s age, season and year.