近代中国文化,由于鸦片战争所引来的“欧风美丽”的冲击,形成了传统中学与外来西学的强烈冲突,从而出现了时人对于西学或抵制排斥或吸收融合的不同反应。这样,“开新”与“守旧”两个对立思想的冲突,自然也在文化领域日趋明显地表现出来。清流派作为统治集团内部一个政治派别而步入蟓汪政坛,正值洋务思潮声势赫赫之期。该群体的思想对“洋务”新观念作出了何种反应?特别是他们的文化观其特征如何?都有必要作些探索,以期能揭示出晚清社会中的一个文化现象。清流派的“清议”最为活跃的时期,洋务思潮已影响及社会。这是由于洋务思潮以“自强”之声为先导,所以才随之逐步出现了“一唱百和,万口同声”谈洋务的局面。王韬曾说:“咸丰初元,国家方讳言洋务,若于官场言及之,必以为其人非丧心病狂必不至是。……不谓不及十年,而其局大变也。今则几于人人皆知洋务矣。”但实际状况告诉我们,“人人皆知洋务”,仅仅是指人们对于“洋务”事物的外观有了一个极其初步性的 In modern Chinese culture, due to the impact of the “beautiful European style” brought about by the Opium War, there has been a strong conflict between traditional secondary schools and foreign schools of learning. Therefore, different reactions of the contemporary people to Western learning or boycott of repulsion or assimilation have emerged. In this way, the conflict between the two opposing ideas of “opening anew” and “keeping the old” naturally manifests itself more and more clearly in the field of culture. As a political faction within the ruling party, the Qing clique entered the political arena of Wang Yang, at a time when the foreign affairs ideological trend was in a heinous period. What kind of reaction does this group think to the new concept of “Westernization”? In particular, what are the characteristics of their cultural views? It is necessary to make some exploration so as to reveal a cultural phenomenon in the late Qing society. The most vivid period of the “Qing deliberation” by the Qing faction is that the wave of foreign affairs has influenced and the society. This is because the trend of the Westernization Movement led by the voice of “self-reliance”, so that the situation of “westernization of one country and one hundred thousand simultaneous simultaneous talks” was gradually followed up. Wang Tao once said: “Xianfeng first yuan, the state party denied foreign affairs, if the official remark, will think that their people are not frenzied will not be ... ... not less than ten years, and its Bureau also changed. Everyone knows that foreign affairs carry on. ”But the actual situation tells us that“ Everyone knows that Westernization ”only means that people have an extremely preliminary appearance of“ Westernization ”things