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耕地效益比较低下导致兼业农户数量增多,生计资本发生转变.农户作为耕地的直接使用者,生计资本转变不仅带动农村社会经济的发展,更影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿.以最早实行耕地保护政策的四川省成都市永安镇、金桥镇和崇州市江源镇为例,构建农户生计资本与耕地保护参与意愿的结构方程模型,定量刻画生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护意愿的影响.结果表明:生计资本对于农户参与耕地保护的意愿具有显著影响,其中,自然资本对耕地保护意愿的正向影响最显著,高于社会资本;物质资本对耕地保护意愿的负向影响最显著,高于金融资本和人力资本.生计资本中自然资本和社会资本每增加一个单位,农户耕地保护意愿将提高0.071和0.011个单位;物质资本、金融资本和人力资本每增加一个单位,农户耕地保护意愿对应减少1.231个单位、1.030个单位和0.232个单位.所以,生计资本差异会直接影响农户参与耕地保护的意愿.政府应从不同生计资本农户的诉求出发,寻找农户经济利益与参与耕地保护政策的切合点,根据农户不同生计资本情况制定相应的补偿政策和扶持策略,从根本上激发农户参与耕地保护的积极性,确保耕地保护政策实施的持续性和有效性.
The relatively low benefit of arable land leads to the increase of the number of concurrent farmers and the change of livelihood capital.As a direct user of cultivated land, the change of livelihood capital not only drives the social and economic development of rural areas, but also affects the farmers’ willingness to participate in the protection of arable land. Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, Yongan Town, Jinqiao Town and Chongyuan City as an example to construct the structural equation model of the livelihood capital and willingness to participate in the conservation of farmland, and quantitatively describe the impact of livelihood capital on the farmers’ willingness to participate in the protection of cultivated land. The results show that: Capital has a significant impact on the willingness of farmers to participate in the protection of cultivated land. Among them, the positive impact of natural capital on the willingness to protect cultivated land is the most significant, higher than that of social capital; the negative impact of material capital on the willingness to protect cultivated land is the most significant, which is higher than that of financial capital and Human capital: For each additional unit of natural capital and social capital in livelihood capital, farmers’ willingness to protect farmland will be increased by 0.071 and 0.011 units. For each additional unit of physical capital, financial capital and human capital, the corresponding reduction in willingness to protect farmland will be reduced by 1.231 units , 1.030 units and 0.232 units.Therefore, Accounting for differences in capital will directly affect the willingness of farmers to participate in the protection of arable land.The government should proceed from the demands of different livelihood capital farmers to find out the economic benefits of farmers and the points of participation in the policies of arable land protection and formulate corresponding compensation policies and supporting strategies according to their livelihood capital , Fundamentally stimulate the enthusiasm of farmers to participate in the protection of arable land to ensure the continuity and effectiveness of the implementation of arable land protection policies.