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通过野外放水冲刷模拟试验,以神府煤田为例,对比分析煤田建设中扰动地面和原始地面的水沙动态过程,探讨煤田建设中人为扰动地面的产流产沙规律。结果表明:1)土壤入渗率、径流含沙量、土壤剥蚀率均随放水流量和坡度的增大而增大;2)放水流量在5～25 L/min时,扰动地面的平均土壤入渗率(0.14～0.51 mm/min)、径流含沙量(62.16～118.66 g/L)和土壤剥蚀率(19.38～202.58 g/(m2.s))分别是原始地面(0.31～0.61 mm/min、1.61～12.05 g/L和0.24～21.75 g/(m2.s))的0.44～0.73倍、10～39倍和9～79倍;3)坡度在5°～18°时,扰动地面的平均径流含沙量(36.19～155.96 g/L)和土壤剥蚀率(0.79～2.70 g/(m2.s))分别是原始地面(3.27～9.62 g/L、0.05～0.19 g/(m2.s))的11～23倍和14～22倍;4)原始地面与扰动地面的土壤剥蚀率与放水流量和坡度呈显著的幂函数关系。研究结果对矿区生态环境恢复和重建及水土流失测算具有重要的指导意义。
Through field water scouring simulation tests, taking Shenfu coalfield as an example, the dynamic process of water and sediment on disturbed ground and original ground in coalfield construction is comparatively analyzed, and the law of runoff and sediment production on man-made disturbed ground in coalfield construction is discussed. The results showed that: 1) the soil infiltration rate, runoff sediment concentration and soil erosion rate increased with the increase of discharge flow rate and slope; 2) When the discharge water flow rate was 5-25 L / min, the average soil disturbance (0.14 ~ 0.51 mm / min), runoff sediment concentration (62.16 ~ 118.66 g / L) and soil erosion rate (19.38 ~ 202.58 g / (m2.s) , 1.61 ~ 12.05 g / L and 0.24 ~ 21.75 g / (m2.s)), respectively. The average ground surface disturbances in the range of 5 ° ~ 18 ° The runoff sediment concentration (36.19 ~ 155.96 g / L) and soil erosion rate (0.79 ~ 2.70 g / (m2.s)) were the original ground level of 3.27 ~ 9.62 g / L and 0.05 ~ 0.19 g / ) And 11 ~ 23 times and 14 ~ 22 times respectively. (4) The soil erosion rate of the original ground and disturbance ground showed a significant power function relationship with discharge flow rate and slope. The results of the study have important guiding significance for the restoration and reconstruction of ecological environment and the calculation of soil erosion.