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目的分析河南省疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转状况、国家免疫规划(NIP)疫苗的安全性和预防接种服务质量。方法通过中国免疫规划监测信息管理系统收集河南省2011-01-01—2011-12-31报告的AEFI异常反应个案数据,采用描述性方法对相关指标进行流行病学分析。结果河南省2011年共报告AEFI个案83例,发生率为2.19/100万剂次,无疫苗质量事故和接种事故。AEFI个案异常反应病例中<1岁40例(48.19%),男∶女为1.68∶1,8月份发生较多。在所有AEFI出现的疫苗中,以卡介苗和百白破(无细胞)疫苗为主(25例,30.12%),接种剂次以第1剂最多(66例,79.52%),接种后≤1 d发生53例(63.86%)。临床以过敏性皮疹最为多见(17例,20.48%),绝大多数AEFI预后良好,治愈66例,转好13例,4例(<5%)AEFI出现后遗症或死亡,多系偶合症所致。结论河南省AEFI多发生在小年龄儿童、首剂接种和接种早期,预防接种服务人员和儿童家长应密切关注这部分儿童。虽AEFI异常反应预后良好,但在以后的工作中应重视病死病例,减少不良反应对预防接种工作的负面影响,增强公众对预防接种的信心。
Objective To analyze the occurrence characteristics of suspected AEFI in Henan Province, evaluate the operation status of AEFI monitoring system, the safety of NIP vaccine and the quality of vaccination services. Methods AEFI data collected from 2011-01-01-2011-12-31 in Henan Province were collected through the China Immune Program Monitoring Information Management System, and the descriptive method was used to carry out epidemiological analysis of related indicators. Results A total of 83 AEFI cases were reported in Henan Province in 2011, with an incidence rate of 2.19 / 1 million doses. There were no vaccine-induced and accidental vaccinations. AEFI case of abnormal response in patients <1 year old 40 cases (48.19%), male: female 1.68: 1, occurred more in August. Among all AEFI vaccines, BCG and daphnia (cell-free) vaccines were the most common (25 cases, 30.12%), with the most doses of the first dose (66 cases, 79.52%), 53 cases occurred (63.86%). The most common clinical allergic rash (17 cases, 20.48%), the vast majority of AEFI good prognosis, cured 66 cases, turn good in 13 cases, 4 cases (<5%) AEFI sequelae or death, To Conclusions AEFI occurred frequently in small children in Henan Province. The first dose and the early vaccination were performed. Vaccination staff and parents should pay close attention to these children. Although the prognosis of abnormal response to AEFI is good, it should pay attention to the case of death in future work, reduce the adverse effect of adverse reactions on vaccination and increase the public’s confidence in vaccination.