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目的探讨造船作业工人工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)危险部位及相关工效学因素。方法应用BRIEF和PLIBEL方法,对北方某造船厂237名健康男性搬运工人的作业姿势、力量、持续时间和动作频率以及17个相关工效学问题进行现场调查。结果不同作业发生风险的部位略有差异,造船作业工人以手腕部WMSDs发生风险为最高,其次为背、腿和颈部。船体装配工为左右手腕、颈、背和腿部,船体打磨工和分段电焊工为左右手腕、背和腿部,分段、轮机和上建工区的装配工为左右手腕和腿部,管加打磨和电焊工、轮机铜工和管工、上建打磨工为手腕和背部。这些工种广泛存在重复性手部不适姿势与负荷作业、站立无支撑、背轻度前屈、重复和持续性蹲姿或跪姿、受限空间、颈前屈等。结论造修船作业工人WMSDs发生风险以手腕部最为明显,可同时伴有颈、背和腿部多部位,以打磨、装配和电焊作业工种发生风险最高,因其广泛存在工具不适抓握或强力捏握工具、不良作业姿势、频繁重复性前屈和扭转、长时间无支撑立姿作业等工效学危险因素,应加强对上述工效学危险因素的管理与控制。
Objective To investigate the dangerous parts of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) of shipbuilding workers and the related ergonomic factors. Methods The BRIEF and PLIBEL methods were used to investigate the posture, strength, duration and frequency of action of 237 healthy male porters in a shipyard in the north of China and 17 related ergonomic problems. Results There was a slight difference in the risks of different operations. The shipwreck workers had the highest risk of WMSDs at the wrist, followed by the back, legs and neck. The hull fitters are left and right wrists, neck, back and legs, hull sanding workers and segmented welders for left and right wrists, back and legs, sections, turbines, and Shangjian work area for left and right wrists and legs, Plus grinding and welders, turbine mechanics and plumbers, on the built-grinding workers for the wrist and back. These jobs are widespread repetitive hand discomfort posture and load operation, stand without support, mild back flexion, repeated and continuous squatting or kneeling position, limited space, neck flexion and so on. Conclusion The risk of WMSDs is the most obvious in the wrist, which may be accompanied by many parts of the neck, back and legs. The risk of WMSDs is the highest among workers who wear, assemble and weld. Due to the wide range of tool gripping or strong Pinch tools, poor working posture, frequent repetitive flexion and torsion, prolonged unsupported standing posture and other ergonomic risk factors should be strengthened on the ergonomic risk management and control.