受地理文化环境及奴隶制商品经济发展的影响,古代西方很早就开始谈论“自由”、“平等”等理念,表明古代西方法学家对个人主体权利的重视。比较中、西方法律文化思想,可知“自由”、“平等”观念在中国古代法律思想中的缺失,古代中国缺乏个人主体意识。因此,应大力发展社会主义商品经济,增强个人主体意识以及促进法律对个人权利的保护。 Influenced by the geographical and cultural environment and the development of slavery commodity economy, the ancient West started to talk about the concepts of “freedom” and “equality” very early on, indicating that the ancient western legalists emphasized the rights of individual subjects. In comparison, the Western legal and cultural thoughts reveal the absence of the concepts of “freedom” and “equality” in ancient Chinese legal thought and the lack of personal subjective awareness in ancient China. Therefore, we should vigorously develop the socialist commodity economy, enhance the awareness of individual subjects and promote the protection of individual rights by law.