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目的探究3种饮用水对小鼠学习记忆及海马内神经递质的影响。方法测定纯水、自来水及天然矿泉水水质参数:溶解性总固体(TDS)、总硬度、耗氧量(OC)、钠、钾、钙、镁及偏硅酸。将60只ICR小鼠随机分为3组,每组20只,雌雄各半,分别用纯水(对照组)、自来水、天然矿泉水喂养90天,采用Morris水迷宫实验、避暗实验检测小鼠的学习和记忆能力,实验结束后立即处死小鼠,取海马测定乙酰胆碱(Ach)、一氧化氮(NO)、谷氨酸(Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量和乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)、乙酰胆碱转移酶(Ch AT)、总一氧化氮合酶(T-NOS)活性。结果自来水、天然矿泉水各水质参数均高于纯水。定位航行实验第1天,自来水组小鼠逃避潜伏期[(69.15±50.87)s]明显短于纯水组[(86.07±44.03)s],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与纯水组(30.00%)比较,自来水组小鼠多采用有效搜索策略(51.25%),较少采用无效搜索策略,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。空间探索实验中,自来水组、天然矿泉水组小鼠平台象限活动时间[分别为(28.44±10.17)s和(28.81±12.43)s]明显长于纯水组[(19.84±9.59)s],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。避暗实验中,自来水组、天然矿泉水组小鼠训练潜伏期[分别为(60.27±57.84)s和(58.12±42.52)s]和测验潜伏期[分别为(209.54±121.41)s和(271.40±90.44)s]均明显长于纯水组[(10.99±9.40)s和(72.77±67.51)s],且测验中小鼠5 min内电击次数[分别为(0.90±0.88)次和(0.10±0.32)次]、错误反应动物百分率(分别为50%和20%)明显少于纯水组[(5.00±4.62)次、90%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与纯水组[(8.53±2.12)μg/mg prot和(0.94±0.49)U/mg prot]比较,自来水组、天然矿泉水组小鼠海马中Ach含量[(11.18±3.46)μg/mg prot和(12.91±3.91)μg/mg prot]明显升高、ACh E活性[(0.41±0.21)U/mg prot和(0.54±0.28)U/mg prot]明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。但各组小鼠饮水量、摄食量及海马Glu、GABA、NO、Ch AT、T-NOS差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比于纯水,长期饮用自来水或天然矿泉水更有利于小鼠的学习与记忆,其可能与海马乙酰胆碱水平较高有关。
Objective To investigate the effects of three kinds of drinking water on learning and memory and neurotransmitter in hippocampus of mice. Methods The water quality parameters of pure water, tap water and natural mineral water were determined: total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, oxygen consumption (OC), sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and metasilicate. Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups of 20 mice each with half male and half female respectively. The mice were fed with pure water (control group), tap water and natural mineral water for 90 days respectively. Morris water maze test Mice were sacrificed and the mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. The hippocampus were sacrificed and the contents of Ach, NO, Glu, GABA and acetylcholinesterase (ACh E), acetylcholinesterase (Ch AT), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS) activity. The results of tap water, natural mineral water quality parameters are higher than pure water. Compared with pure water group [(86.07 ± 44.03) s], the escape latency of tap water group was significantly shorter than that of pure water group (P <0.05) on the first day of positioning navigation experiment. Compared with pure water (30.00%). Compared with the control group, the effective search strategy (51.25%) was used in the tap water group mice and the invalid search strategy was used less, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Space exploration experiment, tap water group, natural mineral water group mice platform quadrant active time [(28.44 ± 10.17) s and (28.81 ± 12.43) s] was significantly longer than pure water group [(19.84 ± 9.59) s], the difference There was statistical significance (P <0.05). In the dark avoidance experiment, the training latency of mice in tap water group and natural mineral water group were (60.27 ± 57.84) s and (58.12 ± 42.52) s, respectively, and the latency of test [209.54 ± 121.41 s and 271.40 ± 90.44 ) s] were significantly longer than pure water group [(10.99 ± 9.40) s and (72.77 ± 67.51) s], respectively, and the number of shocks in mice within 5 min were 0.90 ± 0.88 and 0.10 ± 0.32 ], The percentage of false-reaction animals (50% and 20% respectively) was significantly lower than that of pure water group [(5.00 ± 4.62) times and 90%], the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with the pure water group [(8.53 ± 2.12) μg / mg prot and (0.94 ± 0.49) U / mg prot], the Ach content in the hippocampus of the tap water group and the natural mineral water group [(11.18 ± 3.46) μg / mg prot (P <0.05), and (12.91 ± 3.91) μg / mg prot were significantly increased, and the activity of ACh E [(0.41 ± 0.21) U / mg prot and (0.54 ± 0.28) U / mg prot was significantly lower, P < <0.05). However, there was no significant difference in water intake, food intake and Glu, GABA, NO, Ch AT, T-NOS in hippocampus among all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion Compared to pure water, long-term drinking tap water or natural mineral water is more conducive to learning and memory in mice, which may be related to high levels of hippocampal acetylcholine.