改革开放以来,农村的传统家庭和社会关系发生了变化,许多农民在城市化过程中失去土地,农民失去土地后的生存问题、养老问题、医疗问题以及农民的贫困问题都日趋严重。所以在我国建立农村社会保障制度迫在眉睫。本文针对学者前期研究成果,根据中国农村的实际情况,提出农村社会保障体系应该包括农村社会养老保障、农村医疗保障、农村最低生活保障和就业保障等,而构建失地农民社会保障制度立法是关键。作者通过对农村土地征用补偿制度进行研究,以我国是个农业大国为例,农民土地征用补偿缺乏法律规制,提出在我国建立农村失地人员社会保障制度,得出了应加强我国农村失地人员社会保障制度立法的结论。 Since the reform and opening up, the traditional family and social relations in rural areas have changed. Many peasants have lost their land in the process of urbanization. Peasants have to survive after their land is lost. Endowments, medical problems and peasants’ poverty have become increasingly serious. Therefore, establishing a rural social security system in our country is imminent. According to the previous research results of scholars and the actual situation in rural areas of China, this paper argues that the rural social security system should include the social security of old-age security in rural areas, rural medical security, minimum living security in rural areas and employment security, which is the key to establishing the social security system for landless farmers. Based on the study of compensation system for rural land expropriation, taking China as a large agricultural country as an example, the lack of legal regulation for the compensation for land expropriation of farmers puts forward that we should establish a social security system for rural landless persons in our country and conclude that the social security system should be strengthened Legislation conclusion.