利他主义是西方伦理学中的一个重要话题。但传统的利他主义观念总是以个体的自我牺牲为前提的。本文对此进行了适度的澄清和改写。它强调利他主义的伦理态度应以理性为基础。这种以理性为基础的利他主义既不是出于自利, 也不是出于仁慈、同情, 而仅仅是为他人利益着想的行动意愿。 Altruism is an important topic in western ethics. However, the traditional concept of altruism always assumes the self-sacrifice of individuals as a prerequisite. This article has done a fair degree of clarification and rewriting. It emphasizes that altruistic ethics should be based on rationality. This rational-based altruism is neither self-serving nor merciful, sympathetic, but merely a willingness to act for the benefit of others.