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基础设施建设具有初始投资大、建设周期长、投资回收慢的特征,这些特征决定了基础产业仅靠自身的积累来发展,远远适应不了国民经济发展的需要。实际上,发展中国家的财政,除具有一般弥补“市场失灵”的作用外,还部分地充当着社会资本原始积累的角色。在新的形势下,国家财政必须进一步提高对农村、农业和农民问题重要性的认识,并根据农村和农业工作的中心任务的要求,进一步明确财政支农支出的范围,突出重点。将财政的支农支出集中于那些“外部效应”较强的“市场失灵”的领域。
Infrastructure construction has the characteristics of large initial investment, long construction period and slow investment recovery. These characteristics determine that the basic industries can only develop by their own accumulation and can not meet the needs of national economic development. In fact, in addition to the role of fiscal in developing countries in remedying “market failure ”, they are also partly responsible for the original accumulation of social capital. Under the new situation, the state finance must further raise its awareness of the importance of rural areas, agriculture and peasants. According to the central tasks of rural areas and agricultural work, the scope of the fiscal expenditure on agriculture should be further clarified and priorities should be highlighted. Fiscal expenditure on agriculture will focus on those areas where there is a strong ’market failure’ of ’externalities’.