一、说明文的特点及分类说明文在小学语文中占有相当大的比例。中、高年级,每册都有二至五篇。说明文是以说明性、知识性、客观性为主要特点的。它以说明和解说为主要的表达方式,直接地、集中地、科学地给读者传授知识,而且在传授知识的过程中,作者只是客观地解说,不掺杂主观的色彩。依据被说明的对象的性质,我们可以把说明文分成两大类;一是对具体事物解说的说明文,二是对抽象事理阐述的说明文。前者如《珊瑚》、《海底世界》,后者如《蛇与庄稼》、《种子的力》等。二、说明文的顺序安排说明文的顺序安排,指的就是说明文的思路。说明文的顺序安排,有严谨的条理性。换一句话来说,说明文的思路,要跟事物本身的条理性一致,跟人们的认识过程一致。要言之,说明文的思路,大体有三种:时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序。说明事物的发展变化,往往以时间为序。例如《冬眠》(第十册)。《冬眠》以刺猬为例,说明动物冬眠的特点。从头年九月开始,到次年三月惊蛰时节 First, the description of the characteristics and classification Description text occupies a considerable proportion of primary language. Middle and upper grades, each book has two to five. Explanatory notes are illustrative, informative, objectivity as the main features. It uses illustration and explanation as the main expression method, directly, concentratively and scientifically introduces the reader to the reader, and in the process of imparting knowledge, the author only objectively interprets and does not mix the subjective color. According to the nature of the object being described, we can divide the description into two categories; one is the explanation of the specific things, the other is the explanation of the abstract. The former such as “coral”, “underwater world”, the latter such as “snakes and crops”, “the power of seeds” and so on. Second, explain the order of arrangement The explanation of the order of arrangement, refers to the description of the idea. Explain the order of the arrangement, there are strict rules. In other words, the explanation of the idea should be consistent with the things themselves, consistent with the process of people's understanding. To put it in a nutshell, there are generally three ways of explaining the text: chronological order, spatial order, and logical order. Explain the development and changes of things, often in chronological order. For example, “Hibernation” (Book 10). Hibernation uses the hedgehog as an example to illustrate the characteristics of animal hibernation. Beginning in September from the first year, to the jellyfish season in March next year