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[目的]为鲜食型糯玉米新品种的综合评价和选育提供一定理论参考。[方法]以5个优良鲜食型糯玉米品种为试材,对其株高、穗位、穗重、穗粗、轴粗、穗长、秃尖长、穗行数、行粒数、百粒重、鲜穗产量、雄穗长、雄穗分枝13个性状进行相关和主成分分析。[结果]对鲜食型糯玉米13个农艺性状进行主成分分析,显示前三个主成分,即鲜穗产量因子、雄穗因子和秃尖长因子,其累计贡献率大于87.276 7%,可以基本代表13个性状所代表的遗传信息。第一主成分是优良玉米品种选择和评判的主要指标,各性状应具备:果穗大,穗粗且轴细,即籽粒要深,穗粒数要多,百粒重要高,株高宜较高等。从第二主成分来看,鲜食玉米品种植株的雄穗最好较长,分枝不宜太多,在保证玉米雌穗对雄穗花粉量需求的同时,尽量选择雄穗分枝少的品种。从第三主成分来看,秃尖长影响了鲜食玉米的商品品质,在品种评价和选育时,应将秃尖长度控制在最低标准。[结论]玉米鲜穗产量与穗重、百粒重、穗粗、行粒数、穗长等性状有极显著正相关关系,株高对其也有重要影响。
[Objective] The study aimed to provide some theoretical references for the comprehensive evaluation and breeding of fresh waxy corn varieties. [Method] Five varieties of fresh waxy corn were used as tested materials, and their plant height, ear position, ear weight, ear diameter, shaft diameter, spike length, bald length, ear row number, Grain weight, fresh ear production, tassel length, tassel branch 13 traits correlation and principal component analysis. [Result] The principal component analysis of thirteen agronomic characters of fresh waxy corn showed that the first three principal components, namely, the fresh ear yield factor, the tassel factor and the bald long hair factor, the cumulative contribution rate was more than 87.276 7% Basic representation of the 13 traits represented by the genetic information. The first principal component is the main index for the selection and evaluation of good maize varieties. The traits should be as follows: big ear, big ear and fine axis, that is to say, the grain should be deep, the number of grains per ear should be large, the height of one grain should be high, the height of plant should be higher . From the perspective of the second principal component, the tassel of the fresh corn varieties is preferably long and the branches should not be too much. While ensuring the ear pollen requirements of the corn ear to the tassel, try to select the less tassel branches . From the third principal component point of view, bald long affect the quality of fresh corn products, in the evaluation and selection of varieties, bald length should be controlled at a minimum standard. [Conclusion] There was a significant positive correlation between fresh ear yield and ear weight, hundred kernel weight, ear diameter, grain number per ear and spike length. The plant height also had an important influence on the yield.