目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患儿和原发鼾症患儿的脑电活动及其与多导睡眠监测参数的相关性。方法:采用前瞻性观察性研究，收集2019年7月1日至12月31日因睡眠时打鼾来首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院睡眠中心行多导睡眠监测的6~12岁患儿的临床资料。对所有患儿采集临床资料、多导睡眠监测及6 min脑电活动测量，根据多导睡眠监测结果分为原发鼾症组及不同程度OSAS组。基于脑电小波分析通过对脑电同步化及复杂度分析得出的脑损伤指数用于反映安静状态下儿童的脑电活动的变化。对各组脑损伤指数及脑电波各频段功率所占百分比进行差异性检验，单因素和多因素线性回归方法分析影响脑电活动的危险因素。结果:共纳入149例儿童，其中男110例，女39例。原发鼾症组与各程度OSAS组之间α、θ、β、δ波占比的差异均无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)。原发鼾症组、轻度OSAS组、中度OSAS组和重度OSAS组脑损伤指数分别为0(0，3)、14(9，16)、26(24，28)、34(30，44)，各组脑损伤指数差异有统计学意义(n H＝129.70，n P<0.01)，从原发鼾症组至重度OSAS组脑损伤指数呈逐渐上升趋势。多因素线性回归分析显示，阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气指数(OAHI)、平均血氧饱和度和最低血氧饱和度与脑损伤指数独立相关(均n P0.05). The brain injury index of the primary snoring group, mild OSAS group, moderate OSAS group and severe OSAS group was 0 (0, 3), 14 (9, 16), 26 (24, 28), and 34(30, 44), respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the brain injury index among groups (n H=129.70, n P<0.01). The brain injury index gradually increased from the primary snoring group to the severe OSAS group.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI), mean oxygen saturation and minimum oxygen saturation were independently correlated with the brain injury index (alln P<0.05).n Conclusions:There were no significant differences in the ratios of α, θ, β and δ waves among OSAS children at varying degrees, while the EEG complexity and synchronicity varied a lot.With the increase of OAHI, the brain injury index gradually increased.The brain injury index was independently correlated with OAHI, mean oxygen saturation and minimum oxygen saturation.