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钢球挤孔工艺是利用钢球的高硬度、高尺寸精度、低表面粗糙度对孔表面进行挤压加工的一种加工方法。它特别适用于小孔径的通孔加工,可取代挤光刀挤孔,滚光头滚光以及研磨等复杂工艺,其工艺性稳定,加工质量好,效率高,简单易行,成本极低,特别是在大批量生产时,其经济核算效果极为显著。钢球挤孔表面粗糙度可达0.2,对底孔表面粗糙度要求一般为3.2左右,尺寸精度可达H7。挤后产生冷作硬化层,厚约0.3～0.5mm,同时还可减小底孔的形状误差。影响挤孔表面质量及尺寸精度的主要因素是钢球与预挤孔之间的过盈量,通过对不同材料挤孔试验,我们绘制了过盈量与塑性变形之间的关系图(如图1)。
Ball extrusion process is the use of steel balls of high hardness, high dimensional accuracy, low surface roughness on the hole surface of a processing method of extrusion. It is especially suitable for the processing of small aperture through-hole, can replace the squeegee squeeze holes, roller head grinding and grinding and other complex processes, its process stability, processing quality, high efficiency, simple, low cost, especially In mass production, its economic accounting effect is extremely significant. Ball extrusion surface roughness of up to 0.2, the bottom hole surface roughness is generally about 3.2, the size accuracy of up to H7. After squeezing cold work hardened layer thickness of about 0.3 ~ 0.5mm, while also reducing the shape of the bottom hole error. The main factor that affects the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the extrusion hole is the interference between the steel ball and the pre-extrusion hole. Through the test of different material extrusion holes, we draw the relationship between the interference and the plastic deformation 1).