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子粒多酚氧化酶(PPO,polyphenol oxidase)活性是造成面粉以及面制品褐变的主要因素,了解不同小麦品种子粒PPO活性基因的等位变异情况,有助于遗传改良中提高面制品的外观品质。本研究利用2A染色体上Ppo-A1的标记PPO18以及2D染色体上Ppo-D1的标记PPO16和PPO29检测该基因在118份黄淮麦区小麦品种中的等位变异。结果表明:在PpoA1位点,48.3%的小麦品种含Ppo-A1a(高PPO活性)型等位基因,51.7%的小麦品种含Ppo-A1b(低PPO活性)型等位基因,Ppo-A1a和Ppo-A1b两者之间的差异达到显著水平(P﹤0.05)。在Ppo-D1位点,55.1%的小麦品种含Ppo-D1a(低PPO活性)型等位基因,44.9%的小麦品种含Ppo-D1b(高PPO活性)型等位基因,Ppo-D1a和Ppo-D1b两者之间的差异也达到显著水平(P﹤0.05)。在Ppo-A1和Ppo-D1 2个位点共检测到Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a(中间型PPO活性)、Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b(高PPO活性)、Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a(低PPO活性)、Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b(中间型PPO活性)4种变异组合类型,分布频率分别为28.8%、19.5%、26.3%和25.4%,彼此之间的差异均达到显著水平(P﹤0.05)。总体来看,这3个基因特异性标记可以快速、准确和方便地检测子粒PPO基因的不同等位变异。此外,本研究检测出部分材料具有低PPO活性,可为选育具有低PPO活性的小麦品种提供有用信息。
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity is the main factor that causes the browning of wheat flour and pasta. Understanding the allelic variation of PPO activity genes in different wheat varieties is helpful to improve the appearance quality of the pasta in genetic improvement . In this study, Allele variation in 118 Huanghuai wheat cultivars was detected using PPO18 marker of Ppo-A1 on chromosome 2A and PPO16 and PPO29 markers of Ppo-D1 on chromosome 2D. The results showed that 48.3% of the wheat cultivars contained the Ppo-A1a (high PPO activity) allele and 51.7% of the wheat cultivars contained the Ppo-A1b (low PPO activity) allele at the PpoA1 locus. Ppo-A1a and Ppo-A1b difference between the two reached a significant level (P <0.05). At the Ppo-D1 locus, 55.1% of the wheat cultivars contain the Ppo-D1a (low PPO activity) allele, 44.9% of the wheat cultivars contain the Ppo-D1b (high PPO activity) allele, Ppo-D1a and Ppo -D1b also reached a significant difference between the two (P <0.05). Ppo-A1a / Ppo-D1a (intermediate PPO activity), Ppo-A1a / Ppo-D1b (high PPO activity), Ppo-A1b / Ppo-D1a Low PPO activity) and Ppo-A1b / Ppo-D1b (intermediate PPO activity), the distribution frequencies were 28.8%, 19.5%, 26.3% and 25.4%, respectively, with significant differences among them P <0.05). Overall, these 3 gene-specific markers allow rapid, accurate and convenient detection of different allelic variants of the PPO gene in the grain. In addition, some of the materials tested showed low PPO activity, which could provide useful information for breeding wheat cultivars with low PPO activity.