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市场经济最基本的理论涵义是,微观层面上的资源配置是经济当事人经由平等自愿的交易过程实现的。只要完备的信息即没有交易费用的经济或“科斯的世界”尚不存在,那么,人们就只能通过明确界定产权来克服外部效应,实现资源配置的最佳效率。理论上的交易费用为零的假设,固然可以得到产权因素退出的结论,即无论产权归属何方,通过当事人协商交易的途径可以达到同样的最佳效果,但这种理论命题的意义不在于它本身的逻辑关系,而在于交易费用是经济生活的基本现象。它的存在表明,任何意义上的经济效率,总是与一定的产权形式相关联的。包括合法权利的初始界定在内的整个产权制度及其演进状况,是直接影响经济效率的至关重要的因素。
The most basic theoretical implication of market economy is that the allocation of resources at the micro level is realized by the economic parties through an equal and voluntary trading process. As long as the complete information, that is, the economy without transaction costs or the “Kos world,” does not yet exist, then one can only overcome externalities by clearly defining property rights to achieve optimal efficiency in resource allocation. Theoretically, the assumption that transaction costs are zero can of course be drawn from the conclusion of the withdrawal of the factor of property, that is, whatever the ownership of the property, the same best effect can be achieved by the parties negotiating the transaction, but the significance of this theoretical proposition does not lie in itself But rather that the transaction costs are the basic phenomena of economic life. Its existence shows that any sense of economic efficiency is always associated with a certain form of property rights. The entire property rights system, including the initial definition of legal rights and its evolution, are the crucial factors that directly affect the economic efficiency.