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一、前言微差爆破是近几年来爆破上的一项先进技术,在国外已得到广泛的应用。应用微差爆破的优越性简单地说(与瞬发爆破比较),可以改善爆破质量(使爆破下来的岩块较小且均匀,爆堆宽度也能减小),减少岩体中的裂口,对提高穿孔生产率、保证露天矿台阶边坡的稳定也有好处。还能减少炸药消耗量,降低爆破时的地震影响,以及可以进行多排孔爆破,增加一次爆破量,提高露天矿和井下的采矿强度、掘沟速度和设备效率。现代微差爆破器材大致可以分为继爆管、毫秒电雷管和毫秒爆破仪及其它三类。在毫秒电雷管和继爆管出现之前,一般都使用各种类型的毫秒爆破仪来进行微差爆破。由于毫秒爆破仪较笨重,爆破时网路复杂,可靠性较差,因此在国外的一些国家中,在毫秒电雷管和继爆管出现之后,生产上一般不用它了。
First, the preface Millisecond blasting is an advanced technology in blasting in recent years, has been widely used abroad. In short, the superiority of using microdrop blasting (compared with instantaneous blasting) can improve the quality of blasting (making the blasting blocks smaller and more uniform and reducing the width of the blasting pile), reducing the cracks in the rock mass, To improve perforation productivity, to ensure the stability of open pit slope step is also good. But also reduce the consumption of explosives, reduce the impact of the earthquake blasting, and multi-row hole blasting can be carried out to increase the amount of a blasting to improve the strength of opencast mining and underground mining, trench digging speed and equipment efficiency. Modern differential blasting equipment can be divided into following the burst pipe, millisecond electric detonator and millisecond burst meter and other three categories. Before the appearance of millisecond electric detonators and subsequent squibs, various types of millisecond blasting instruments were generally used to perform the microsecond blasting. As the millisecond blasting instrument more bulky, blasting network complexity, poor reliability, so in some foreign countries, in milliseconds electric detonator and following the emergence of pipes, the production generally do not have it.