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减毒活疫苗株的建立利用原代人胚肺细胞于1970年12月7日从1例患典型水痘的3岁男孩的水疱液中分离到水痘—带状疱疹病毒(Oka 株)。为获得减毒株,将病毒在人胚肺细胞中34℃连续培养,并在豚鼠胚纤维母细胞中传代。由于后者是目前发现的唯一对水痘—带状疱疹病毒敏感的非灵长目动物细胞,故认为通过此细胞获得宿主依赖性水痘—带状疱疹病毒变异株是合适的。然后,此病毒经蚀斑纯化,并在WI38和MRC-5人二倍体细胞中传几代后,制成实验性疫苗。
Establishment of Live Attenuated Vaccine Strain Varicella-zoster virus (Oka strain) was isolated from blister fluid of a 3-year-old boy with typical chickenpox on December 7, 1970 using primary human embryonic lung cells. To obtain attenuated strains, viruses were serially cultured in human embryonic lung cells at 34 ° C and passaged in guinea pig embryo fibroblasts. Since the latter is currently the only non-primate cell that is susceptible to varicella-zoster virus, it is believed that a host-dependent varicella-zoster virus variant is obtained from this cell. The virus was then purified by plaque and passed through generations of WI38 and MRC-5 human diploid cells for experimental vaccination.