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【目的】观测广西荔枝资源花粉形态和大小,为进一步研究野生、半野生荔枝及荔枝栽培品种的遗传演化提供参考。【方法】在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察广西野生荔枝、半野生荔枝及荔枝栽培品种的花粉形态,计算花粉极轴长与赤道轴长比例P/E及内部差异大小(标准差)。【结果】广西野生荔枝、半野生荔枝及荔枝栽培品种的共同特征是:花粉粒赤道面观为椭圆形或近圆形,极面观为钝三角形,具三孔沟,三沟在极面分离;野生荔枝花粉P/E显著大于半野生荔枝和荔枝栽培品种的花粉P/E(P<0.05),而半野生荔枝和荔枝栽培品种花粉P/E差异不显著(P>0.05);荔枝栽培品种花粉P/E与单果重呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),方程式为y=-74.553x+82.004。【结论】根据荔枝花粉P/E大小推测广西荔枝栽培品种是由野生类群和半野生类群向栽培品种发展而来。花粉形态不宜作为区分广西野生荔枝、半野生荔枝和荔枝栽培品种的依据。
【Objective】 The objective of this study was to observe the pollen morphology and size of litchi resources in Guangxi and to provide references for further study on the genetic evolution of wild, semi-wild and litchi varieties. 【Method】 Pollen morphology of wild litchi, semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars in Guangxi were observed under optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The ratio P / E of pollen axial length to equatorial axis length and the standard deviation of internal variance were calculated. 【Result】 The common characteristics of wild lychee, semi-wild lychee and lychee cultivars in Guangxi were as follows: the equatorial view of pollen grains was oval or nearly circular, and the polar view was blunt triangle with three-hole ditch and three ditch separated on the polar surface ; Pollen P / E of wild litchi was significantly higher than that of semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars (P <0.05), while the pollen P / E of semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars was not significantly different (P> 0.05) The pollen P / E of the cultivars showed extremely significant negative correlation (P <0.01) with the single fruit weight, the equation was y = -74.553x + 82.004. 【Conclusion】 According to the size of litchi pollen P / E, it is inferred that cultivars of litchi in Guangxi are developed from wild and semi-wild species to cultivated varieties. Pollen morphology should not be used as a basis for distinguishing Guangxi wild litchi, semi-wild litchi and litchi cultivars.