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目的:分析重症监护病房患者医院感染的特点及相关因素,以制定相应对策,从而有效降低医院感染发生率。方法:采用前瞻性监测与回顾性调查相结合的方法,对2008年1月-2009年12月桐乡市第一人民医院ICU收治的657名患者中发生医院感染的病例进行分析。结果:医院感染率为35.92%,老年重症患者是医院感染的高危人群,感染部位以下呼吸道为主,占49.14%,其次为泌尿道,占32.43%,第三为血液,占7.13%;感染原因与侵入性操作增加、患者机体抵抗力下降、不合理使用抗菌药物、医护人员医院感染意识不强等因素有关。结论:ICU患者医院感染发生率较高,应加强对老年患者的关注,建立侵入性操作的护理规范,严格执行无菌操作,抗菌药物的合理使用,防止交叉感染等均是预防医院感染的关键。
Objective: To analyze the characteristics and related factors of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit patients in order to formulate corresponding countermeasures so as to effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection. METHODS: A prospective surveillance and retrospective investigation was used to analyze the cases of nosocomial infections among 657 patients admitted to the ICU of Tongxiang First People’s Hospital from January 2008 to December 2009. Results: The hospital infection rate was 35.92%. The elderly critically ill patients were high-risk groups of nosocomial infections. The main respiratory tract was the infection site, accounting for 49.14%, followed by the urinary tract, accounting for 32.43%, and the third being blood, accounting for 7.13%. This is related to factors such as increased invasive procedures, decreased body resistance, unreasonable use of antibiotics, and low awareness of nosocomial infections among medical personnel. Conclusion: The incidence of nosocomial infection in patients with ICU is high. Attention should be paid to elderly patients. Establishing nursing norms for invasive procedures. Strictly performing aseptic operations, rational use of antimicrobial agents, and prevention of cross-infection are the key to preventing nosocomial infections. .