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自上世纪德性论的转向以来,德性论是否可能受到了广泛的质疑。许多学者认为德性论由于强调通过人的习惯行为养成德性,因此,德性是与特殊的社会条件联系在一起的,具有相对主义的特征,不具有普遍的性质。对于这些质疑,以孔孟的德性论为例观之,孔孟的德性论不仅有一个社会性的维度,还有一个人性论的维度,这为德性论超越具体的社会条件的局限而具有普遍的性质提供了可能。而德性培养过程中的智能的作用恰可起到联系特殊与一般的作用。伦理道德的普遍性具有与理论科学中的普遍性不一样的特征,具有大体如此的特点。
Since the shift of virtue theory in the last century, whether morality theory may be widely questioned. Many scholars believe that since virtue emphasizes the formation of virtue through human habits, virtue is associated with special social conditions, has the characteristics of relativism, and has no universal character. For these questions, taking Confucius and Mencius’s theory of virtue as an example, Confucius and Mencius’s theory of virtue not only has a social dimension but also a humanity dimension, which limits the virtue theory beyond specific social conditions It offers the possibility of universal character. The role of intelligence in the process of moral training can play a special and general role. The universality of ethics has the characteristics of being different from the universality in theoretical science, and has such general characteristics.