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体温调节(第98页),书本是这样叙述的: 人体散热主要是通过皮肤。人在寒冷环境里,皮肤血管多数收缩,血液流量小,皮肤温度低,因而由皮肤放散的热量少;同时汗液蒸发散热也很少。人在炎热环境里,皮肤血管多数舒张,血液流量大,皮肤温度高,因而由皮肤直接放散的热量多;同时汗液蒸发散热也多。我们知道,热交换的三种方式是传导、对流、辐射。而这三者与温差都有关,对人体散热来说,人与环境的温差越大,散热就越快。人在同一个生理状态下(例如在安静状态下),不论周围温度如何,人体的产热大致是
Body temperature adjustment (p. 98), the book is described as follows: Body heat is mainly through the skin. In a cold environment, the blood vessels of the skin mostly contract, the blood flow is small, the skin temperature is low, and therefore the amount of heat released by the skin is small; at the same time, the evaporation of sweat is also very little. In a hot environment, most of the blood vessels in the skin are dilated, the blood flow is large, and the skin temperature is high. Therefore, the amount of heat dissipated directly by the skin is much; at the same time, the evaporation of sweat is also more. We know that the three ways of heat exchange are conduction, convection, and radiation. The three are related to the temperature difference. For human body heat dissipation, the greater the temperature difference between the human and the environment, the faster the heat dissipation. When people are in the same physiological state (for example, in a quiet state), regardless of the ambient temperature, the body’s heat production is roughly