研究利用卫星星历中的轨道参数以及地面接收机的经纬度和高程,采用几何矢量法,建立了对各种轨道卫星具有通用性的多普勒频移估计模型,分析了低轨、中轨和高轨卫星与地面接收机通信时的多普勒频移变化情况,以及在指定的星历条件下多普勒频移与通信仰角的关系,并给出估算模型。仿真结果表明,文章中模型具有较好的适用性,为多普勒频移先验信息的估计提供了一种方法。 Based on the orbital parameters in the satellite ephemeris and the latitude, longitude and elevation of the terrestrial receiver, a Doppler frequency shift estimation model with universal applicability to various orbiting satellites was established by using geometric vector method. Doppler shift of high-orbit satellite and terrestrial receiver, and the relationship between Doppler shift and elevation of communication under the specified ephemeris are given, and the estimation model is given. The simulation results show that the model in the paper has good applicability and provides a method for estimating the prior information of Doppler shift.