目的探讨益生菌对减少婴幼儿频繁喘息的临床疗效。方法按照真实世界研究(real world research,RWR)原则,对诊断为婴幼儿喘息患儿,发作次数≥6次/年且其家长拒绝接受规则吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)或白三烯受体拮抗剂(顺尔宁)预防治疗者,根据家长意愿分为观察组和对照组。2010年1月至2013年6月入组患儿共84例,其中观察组41例,对照组43例,坚持按要求服药随访1年以上者观察组33例,对照组31例(分别脱落8例和12例)。两组患儿均在其喘息发作给予ICS、顺尔宁、抗组胺药等短期治疗,观察组在喘息间歇期给予双歧四联活菌片(0.5 g/次,3次/d),疗程6个月,对照组不予任何预防性用药。观察用药后两组患儿在1年间喘息发作次数的差异。结果用药后1年,观察组和对照组喘息发作次数分别为(2.81±1.24)次和(5.22±2.29)次,差异有统计学意义(t=5.23,P<0.05)。结论对于婴幼儿频繁喘息,长期应用益生菌制剂,可减少其喘息发作次数。 Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of probiotics to reduce frequent wheezing in infants and young children. Methods According to the principle of real world research (RWR), infants with asthma diagnosed as infants and young children with an episode ≥ 6 beats / year and whose parents refused to receive regular inhaled glucocorticoid (ICS) or leukotriene receptor antagonism Agent (Shunde Ning) prevention and treatment, according to the wishes of parents into observation group and control group. From January 2010 to June 2013, 84 cases were enrolled in the study group, including 41 cases in the observation group and 43 cases in the control group. 33 patients in the observation group and 31 in the control group were followed up for more than 1 year Cases and 12 cases). Patients in both groups were given short-term treatment with ICS, sirolimus and antihistamine in their wheezing episodes. The observation group was given live bifidobacterium bifidum (0.5 g / time, 3 times / d) intermittently during wheezing, Course of 6 months, the control group without any preventive medication. Observed after treatment of two groups of children with wheezing episodes of difference in the number of 1 year. Results The numbers of wheezing episodes in observation group and control group were (2.81 ± 1.24) and (5.22 ± 2.29) times, respectively, one year after treatment, the difference was statistically significant (t = 5.23, P <0.05). Conclusions For infants and young children with frequent wheezing, prolonged use of probiotic preparations can reduce the number of wheezing episodes.