红血病是一种骨髓内有核红细胞象白血病一样异常增生的恶性疾患。自从Di Guglielmo(1923)把它当作独立的疾病提出之后,阿根廷、比利时、英、法、德、日、瑞典及美国等相继发现本病。近年来我国亦陆续有些病例报告。但由于本病临床表现酷似白血病,且大多数病例嗣后终于转变为红白血病,甚至发展为真正的白血病,所以“红血病”是否可以作为一种独立的疾病,国内外学者意见颇有分歧。因此积累更多的病例并作深入的观察研究,显然是十分必要的。兹将作者所见两倒,结合文献报告如下: Erythrocyte is a malignant disease in which bone marrow erythroblasts are abnormally hyperplastic like leukemia. The disease has been reported in Argentina, Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden and the United States since Di Guglielmo (1923) put it as an independent disease. In recent years, some cases have also been reported in China. However, due to clinical manifestations of the disease resembles leukemia, and most cases later eventually converted to erythroleukemia, and even the development of true leukemia, so whether “red blood” can be used as an independent disease, domestic and foreign scholars have quite different opinions. Therefore, it is obviously necessary to accumulate more cases and make in-depth observation and research. I will see the author down, combined with the literature as follows: