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酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)是指由于乙醇摄入过量而导致的肝脏损害等有一系列病变的疾病。ALD是西方国家最常见的肝病,在组织病理学上,主要表现为脂肪肝、酒精性肝炎、肝纤维化及肝硬化。近年来我国酒精性肝病的发病率日渐升高,已经成为国内外学者研究的焦点问题之一。酒精性肝病的治疗原则主要是:①减轻酒精性肝病的严重度;②阻止或逆转肝纤维化;③改善已存在的继发性营养不良;④对酒精性肝硬化进行治疗。戒酒是首要方法,其疗效与肝病的严重度有关。本文主要目的是对ALD的发病机制、诊断方法进行综述,同时介绍目前治疗ALD的策略。
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to a series of diseases such as liver damage caused by excessive ethanol intake. ALD is the most common liver disease in Western countries. Histopathologically, ALD is mainly manifested as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. In recent years, the incidence of alcoholic liver disease in our country has been gradually increasing, and it has become one of the focuses of the scholars at home and abroad. The main principles of alcoholic liver disease treatment are: ① reduce the severity of alcoholic liver disease; ② prevent or reverse liver fibrosis; ③ improve the existing secondary malnutrition; ④ alcoholic cirrhosis treatment. Alcohol abstinence is the primary method and its efficacy is related to the severity of liver disease. The main purpose of this paper is to review the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ALD and to introduce the current strategy of treating ALD.