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在美国,与职业有关的损伤和疾病是一重要的公共卫生问题,每年约有1/11的工人因接触作业环境中的有害因素而患病或受到损伤(Bureau ofLabour Statistics.1980)。全美在雇工11人以上的工场工作的工人中,至少有4,500例死亡与工作有关,550万人致残,工伤缺勤每年达3,600万工作日,非创伤性职业病及其死亡的确切资料较难获得,据七十年代初的估计,每年约有1万人因职业接触死亡,40万人患病(总统报告,1972)。 第二次产业革命以来,由于某些重大职业病的发生,使人们认识到作业环境对健康影响的重要性。包括:
Occupationally related injuries and diseases are an important public health problem in the United States, where about 1 in 11 workers each year become ill or injured as a result of exposures to work environment hazards (Bureau of Labor Statistics. 1980). At least 4,500 of the workers working in factories nationwide employing more than 11 workers are related to work-related deaths, 5.5 million disabled and 36 million working-days absence from work-related injuries. The exact information on non-traumatic occupational diseases and their deaths is difficult to obtain According to the estimates of the early 1970s, about 10,000 people die of occupational exposure each year and 400,000 people are ill each year (Presidential Report, 1972). Since the Second Industrial Revolution, due to the occurrence of some major occupational diseases, people have become aware of the importance of the environmental health of workplaces. include: