目的分析肺癌患者肺部真菌感染的耐药性及感染的危险因素,为预防与治疗肺癌患者肺部真菌感染提供参考依据。方法回顾性分析2008年3月-2012年3月278例肺癌患者发生肺部真菌感染的临床资料,对真菌培养、药敏试验结果等进行分析,比较感染组52例和非感染组226例患者的性别、年龄、住院时间、使用广谱抗菌药物、使用激素、放化疗及侵入性操作等差异,危险因素分析采用χ2检验。结果医院278例肺癌患者中发生肺部真菌感染率为18.7%,从52例肺癌发生肺部真菌感染患者中分离出真菌57株,其中5例患者为两种真菌同时感染,占9.6%;检出真菌以白色假丝酵母菌为主,占54.4%;57株真菌中有3株对伊曲康唑、氟康唑耐药,耐药率为5.3%,肺癌患者发生肺部真菌感染与住院时间、使用广谱抗菌药物、使用激素、放化疗及侵入性操作等相关(P<0.05)。结论医院肺癌患者合并肺部真菌感染,应尽量缩短患者的住院时间,根据药敏试验合理选择广谱抗菌药物,同时减少激素的应用,避免过度放化疗治疗带来的不良反应,以减少真菌的感染机会。 Objective To analyze the drug resistance of pulmonary fungal infection and the risk factors of infection in patients with lung cancer and provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with lung cancer. Methods The clinical data of pulmonary fungal infection in 278 lung cancer patients from March 2008 to March 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of fungal culture and drug susceptibility test were analyzed. Among 52 patients in the infected group and 226 patients in the non-infected group The gender, age, length of hospital stay, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the use of hormones, chemoradiation and invasive procedures, and other differences were analyzed using risk factors χ2 test. Results The incidence of pulmonary fungal infection in 278 lung cancer patients was 18.7%. 57 fungal strains were isolated from 52 cases of pulmonary fungal infection in lung cancer, of which 5 cases were both fungal infections accounting for 9.6%. Candida albicans accounted for 54.4% of the total fungi, and 3 strains of 57 fungi were resistant to itraconazole and fluconazole with a resistance rate of 5.3%. Pulmonary fungal infections and hospitalization occurred in lung cancer patients Time, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the use of hormones, chemoradiation and invasive procedures (P <0.05). Conclusions Hospital patients with lung cancer complicated with pulmonary fungal infection should try their best to shorten the length of stay in hospital. According to the drug susceptibility test, a wide range of antibacterial drugs should be chosen reasonably while reducing the application of hormones to avoid adverse reactions caused by over-radiotherapy and chemotherapy to reduce fungal Infection opportunity.