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目的探讨北京市房山区本市户籍人口和流动人口出生缺陷患病率及变化趋势。方法选取2005年10月~2012年9月房山区50 234例出生人口为研究对象,比较本市户籍人口和流动人口出生缺陷的流行病学特征。结果房山区出生人口数为50 234例,出生缺陷955例,患病率为190.1/万,总体呈上升趋势(P<0.05)。流动人口出生缺陷患病率(244.1/万)是本市户籍人口(167.1/万)的1.46倍,流动人口患病率呈上升趋势(P<0.01)。不同户籍出生人口患病率位居前5位的出生缺陷均为先天性心脏病、多指(趾)、唇腭裂、外耳畸形和神经管缺陷。2006~2012年房山区平均产前诊断比例为24.4%,户籍差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2006~2012年房山区出生缺陷患病率呈上升趋势,流动人口高于本市户籍人口。应进一步加强该地区人群,尤其是流动人口的出生缺陷的病因研究和预防,以降低出生缺陷患病率。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and trend of birth defects in registered permanent residents and floating population in Fangshan District of Beijing. Methods A total of 50 234 births in Fangshan District from October 2005 to September 2012 were selected as research objects to compare the epidemiological characteristics of birth defects among registered permanent residents and floating population in this Municipality. Results There were 50,234 births and 955 birth defects in Fangshan District, with a prevalence of 190.1 / million, showing an overall upward trend (P <0.05). The prevalence of birth defects in migrants (244.1 million) was 1.46 times of the registered population in the city (167.1 thousand), and the prevalence of floating population was on an upward trend (P <0.01). The birth defects in different household births among the top 5 birth defects were congenital heart disease, multiple finger (toe), cleft lip and palate, external ear deformity and neural tube defects. The average prenatal diagnosis in Fangshan from 2006 to 2012 was 24.4%, with no significant difference in household registration (P> 0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of birth defects in Fangshan district increased from 2006 to 2012, and the floating population was higher than the registered permanent residence in this Municipality. The etiology and prevention of birth defects in the population of the region, especially the floating population, should be further strengthened to reduce the prevalence of birth defects.