[目的]了解乌鲁木齐市部分地区上消化道癌高危人群对癌症防治知识的知晓情况,并分析其影响因素。[方法]采用面对面问卷调查法,对乌鲁木齐市4个区癌症风险评估系统评估的40~69岁上消化道高危人群进行癌症防治知识的问卷调查,用序次Logistic多因素回归分析癌症防治知识的影响因素。[结果]共调查1150名上消化道癌高危人群,平均年龄(53.31±7.57)岁。上消化道癌高危人群癌症防治知识得分平均为11分。高危人群对癌症早期阶段的知晓率为11.0%。40~49岁组、50~59岁组人群癌症防治知识得分均高于60~69岁组人群(OR=2.312、1.766)。大专及以上人群的癌症防治知识得分高于高中/中专、初中、小学及以下文化程度人群(OR=0.511、0.296、0.144),文化程度高是癌症防治得分的保护因素。有肿瘤家族史的人群癌症防治知识得分高于无肿瘤家族史的人群(OR=1.461),有肿瘤家族史是癌症防治得分的保护因素。[结论]上消化道癌高危人群对癌症防治早期阶段的知晓率较低,应着重对年龄较大、文化程度低的人群开展有关癌症防治知识的宣传教育。 [Objective] To understand the knowledge of cancer prevention and control in high-risk groups of upper gastrointestinal cancer in some areas of Urumqi and to analyze its influencing factors. [Methods] Face-to-face questionnaire survey was used to investigate the knowledge of cancer prevention and control among 40 to 69-year-old upper gastrointestinal population assessed by Cancer Risk Assessment System in 4 districts of Urumqi. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the knowledge of cancer prevention and control Influencing factors. [Results] A total of 1150 high-risk patients with upper gastrointestinal cancer were surveyed, with an average age of (53.31 ± 7.57) years. Upper gastrointestinal cancer risk groups cancer prevention knowledge score averaged 11 points. The risk of early-stage cancer in high-risk groups was 11.0%. The scores of cancer prevention and control knowledge among 40-49 years old group and 50-59 years old group were higher than those of 60-69 years old group (OR = 2.312,1.766). College students and above cancer prevention knowledge scores higher than the high school / secondary school, junior high school, primary and below education level population (OR = 0.511,0.296,0.144), a high degree of education is a protective factor in cancer prevention score. Cancer family members with cancer family history scores higher than those with no family history of cancer (OR = 1.461). Family history of cancer is a protective factor in the prevention and treatment of cancer. [Conclusion] There is a low awareness about the early stages of cancer prevention and control in high-risk groups of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Emphasis should be put on the publicity and education about knowledge of cancer prevention and control for older and less-educated people.