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目的:探讨新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）主要照顾者能力评价指标体系（MCAEIS）在早产儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）治疗中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2018年8月至2019年8月河北医科大学第一医院NICU治疗的108例HIE早产儿的临床资料，将患儿分为常规护理对照组和MCAEIS组，每组54例。常规护理对照组早产儿给予NICU常规护理；MCAEIS组早产儿参照NICU MCAEIS进行护理。采用自制的照顾者能力自评问卷对两组患儿主要照顾者看护能力进行评估；采用新生儿行为神经评分法（NBNA）评估患儿出院时及出院1个月的神经功能；同时观察患儿智力低下〔发育商（DQ）<75分〕、癫痫、脑瘫等神经系统后遗症的发生情况。结果:两组入院时主要照顾者照护知识、照护技术和照护能力评分比较差异无统计学意义，出院时两组上述评分均较入院时明显升高，且MCAEIS组患儿出院时主要照顾者照护知识、照护技术和照护能力等各项评分均明显高于常规护理对照组〔照护知识评分（分）：29.84±3.47比20.83±3.94，照护技术评分（分）：31.47±4.56比25.12±4.18，照护能力评分（分）：17.28±2.39比12.83±4.78〕，差异均有统计学意义（均n P<0.05）。出院1个月后，MCAEIS组患儿神经功能评分明显高于常规护理对照组（分：39.67±3.76比35.87±5.71，n P<0.001）。MCAEIS组神经系统后遗症发生率明显低于常规护理对照组〔1.85%（1/54）比12.96%（7/54），n P＝0.031〕。n 结论:NICU MCAEIS可对主要照顾者看护能力进行科学、系统的评估，有助于提高患儿主要照顾者的看护能力，为临床护理提供参考依据，值得推广应用。“,”Objective:To explore the effect of main caregiver ability evaluation index system (MCAEIS) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods:One hundred and eight cases of HIE preterm infants treated in NICU of the First Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The infants were divided into routine nursing control group and MCAEIS group, 54 cases each. The control group recieved NICU routine care, and the MCAEIS group was given care by NICU MCAEIS. The nursing ability of the main caregivers in the two groups was evaluated by self-made caregiver ability self-assessment questionnaire; the neurological function was assessed by neonatal behavioral neurological score (NBNA) at discharge and one month after discharge; the incidence of neurological sequelae mental retardation [development quotient (DQ) < 75], epilepsy, cerebral palsy and so on were observed.Results:There were no significant differences in the scores of nursing knowledge, nursing technology or nursing ability between the two groups at admission, but the above scores were significantly improved in the two groups at discharge, and the scores of nursing knowledge, nursing technology and nursing ability of main caregivers in the MCAEIS group were significantly higher than those in the routine nursing control group (nursing knowledge score: 29.84±3.47 vs. 20.83±3.94, nursing technology: 31.47±4.56 vs. 25.12±4.18, nursing ability: 17.28±2.39 vs.12.83±4.78), with significant differences (all n P < 0.05). One month after discharge, the neurological function score in MCAEIS group was significantly higher than that of routine nursing control group (39.67±3.76 vs. 35.87±5.71, n P < 0.001). The incidence of neurological sequelae in MCAEIS group was significantly lower than that in the routine nursing control group [1.85% (1/54) vs. 12.96% (7/54), n P = 0.031].n Conclusion:NICU MCAEIS could scientifically and systematically evaluate the nursing ability of the main caregivers, improve the nursing ability of children, and provide a reference for clinical nursing, which is worthy of widely application.