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八旗制度源于部落制,是兵民合一的社会组织,有军事、行政和生产三方面的职能,但生产职能限于屯居旗人,聚居于北京等大城市的旗人则不事生产,而为职业军人及其眷属。旗人户籍, 分隶八旗之下,其丁壮的主要职责是当兵作战,战事愈多,仗打得愈好,所得到的好处也就愈大。可是随着清王朝的巩固和旗人特权的确立,满族贵族、官员以至普通旗人都过上仰给于官府的寄生生活,八旗子弟衣食有赖,不再苦练骑射,渐失剽悍之气,也无生产技能,终日无所事事,日趋萎靡、腐败。到乾隆年间,上自满族皇帝和王公贵族,下迄旗人兵丁,争相追求享乐,显示出江河日下的衰朽颓势。
The Eight Banners system originates from the tribal system and is a social organization in which soldiers and civilians are united. They have the functions of military affairs, administration and production. However, the production functions are limited to the Tuen Banner and the banner people living in big cities such as Beijing are not involved in production. And for professional soldiers and their dependents. The banner of the people, membership under the banner of the eight, its Ding Zhuang’s main responsibility is to be a soldier to fight, the more the war, the war hit the better, the benefits will be greater. However, with the consolidation of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the banner people’s privileges, the Manchu aristocrats, officials and ordinary banner people all went to the government for their parasitic life. , There is no production skills, all day long idle, increasingly apathetic, corrupt. To Qianlong years, since the Manchu emperors and kings and nobility, from the next flag soldiers, competing for pleasure, showing the decadent decline in the rivers and lakes.