一、前言 自1958年,在我国鉄路車辆上,广泛采用球鉄軸瓦代替青銅軸瓦以来,节約了大量有色金属,支援了国家的社会主义建設,在担負着繁重的运輸任务中,球鉄軸瓦起到了它应有的作用。但是在运用过程中,发現了球鉄軸瓦端部易于磨耗并造成燃軸事故,同时又易拉伤軸領等問題,給使用和检修带来很大的困难。特別在当前貨物列車普遍提高 I. Introduction Since 1958, a large number of non-ferrous metals were saved on the Kushiro vehicles in our country by replacing ball bearings with bronze bearings, which supported the country’s socialist construction. In carrying heavy transportation tasks, Ball 鉄 bearing played its due role. However, during the process of application, it was found that the ends of the ball bearing bush are easy to wear and cause the combustion shaft accident, meanwhile, the shaft collar and the like are easy to be pulled, which brings great difficulties to the use and maintenance. In particular, the current general increase in freight trains